挖掘机铲斗液压缸活塞杆失效分析  

Failure Analysis of Piston Rod of Hydraulic Cylinder of Excavator Bucket

作　　者：孟凡龙 上官相儒 Meng Fanlong;Shangguan Xiangru

机构地区：[1]山重建机有限公司

出　　处：《工程机械》2023年第5期147-150,I0019,共5页Construction Machinery and Equipment

摘　　要：液压缸作为工程机械的执行元件,其可靠性至关重要。某型挖掘机在破碎作业时,铲斗液压缸活塞杆断裂。通过对故障品进行理化检验及受力分析,确定失效原因为连接机构间隙过大,各连接销轴与孔的同轴度变差,液压缸活塞杆周期性受径向冲击,引发疲劳裂纹,进而断裂。通过增加杆头与杠头宽度、提高液压缸座配合面粗糙度、调整装配间隙等措施,活塞杆疲劳失效问题得以解决。As an executing element of construction machinery,the reliability of hydraulic cylinders is crucial.The piston rod of the bucket hydraulic cylinder broke during the crushing operation of an excavator.Through physical and chemical tests and force analysis of the faulty product,it is determined that the cause of failure is the large clearance between the connecting mechanisms,which results in poor coaxiality between each connecting pin and hole,periodic radial impact on the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder,fatigue cracks and then fracture.By increasing the widths of the rod head and the bar head,improving the roughness of the mating surface of the hydraulic cylinder seat and adjusting the assembly clearance,the fatigue failure of the piston rod is solved.

关 键 词：挖掘机 铲斗液压缸 活塞杆 疲劳失效 

分 类 号：TU621[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]