2018—2022年广州市住院患者呼吸道合胞病毒的流行特征研究  被引量:9

Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalized patients in Guangzhou from 2018 to 2022

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作  者:黄鑫鑫 谢家敏 杨康 邓慧诗 庾健祥 武婕 邹丽容[2,3] HUANG Xinxin;XIE Jiamin;YANG Kang;DENG Huishi;YU Jianxiang;WU Jie;ZOU Lirong(School of Public Health,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510515,China;不详)

机构地区:[1]南方医科大学公共卫生学院,广东广州510515 [2]广东省疾病预防控制中心,广东广州510430 [3]广东新发突发传染病防治工作站,广东广州510430 [4]中山大学公共卫生学院,广东广州510080 [5]暨南大学基础医学与公共卫生学院公共卫生与预防医学系,广东广州510632

出  处:《中国病毒病杂志》2023年第2期96-100,共5页Chinese Journal of Viral Diseases

基  金:国家自然科学基金项目(52178092);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2022B111102006)。

摘  要:目的 分析近几年新型冠状病毒感染(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)流行前后广州市呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)的流行特征。方法 2018—2022年在广州2家哨点医院(广东省妇幼保健院和中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院)采集因急性呼吸道感染住院患者的鼻咽拭子作为样本。采用Luminex呼吸道多病原检测技术对样本进行RSV的检测和分型。结果 共收集鼻咽拭子样本1 243份,RSV总体阳性率为6.11%(76/1243),其中RSV-A为39份(51.32%, 39/76), RSV-B为37份(48.68%,37/76)。3岁以下儿童RSV检出率最高为8.79%(66/751)。与2018年(8.30%,22/265)和2020年(14.78%,30/203)相比,RSV阳性率在2019年(3.13%,10/319)、2021年(4.08%,10/245)和2022年(1.90%,4/211)下降明显。2018、2022年流行亚型以A型为主(19/22 vs 4/4),2020年流行亚型以B型(25/30)为主,2019、2021年AB型共存。四季检出率除2020年差异有统计学意义外[7.14%(3/42)、16.39%(10/61)、27.12%(16/59)和0(0/42),χ^(2)=16.975,P<0.001],其余年份差异均无统计学意义。在76例检出RSV样本中,17例(22.37%,17/76)存在多重感染。其中鼻病毒是最常见的混合感染病毒,占混合感染的58.83%(10/17)。结论 RSV是广州市流行的常见呼吸道病毒,3岁以下儿童是RSV感染的主要人群。RSV感染年度间呈现隔年流行且A型与B型交替流行的特点,且COVID-19疫情后出现了反季节流行。2019年末COVID-19暴发后,国家严格筛查COVID-19疑似病例,2020年RSV检出率显著升高;随着国家COVID-19防控政策变化,2021—2022年RSV的检出率下降显著。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) before and after the COVID-19 epidemic in Guangzhou in recent years. Methods Nasopharynx swabs from hospitalized patients with acute respiratory infection were collected from two sentinel hospitals in Guangzhou(Guangdong Maternal and Child Health Hospital and Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University) from 2018 to 2022. Luminex respiratory multi-pathogen detection technology was used to detect and type RSV in samples. Results A total of 1 243 nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected. The overall positive rate of RSV was 6. 11%(76/1 243), including 39 RSV-A(51. 32%, 39/76) and 37 RSV-B(48. 68%, 37/76). The highest detection rate of RSV in children under 3 years old was 8. 79%(66 cases). Compared with 2018(8. 30%, 22/265) and 2020(14. 78%, 30/203), the positive rate of RSV decreased significantly in 2019(3. 13%, 10/319), 2021(4. 08%, 10/245) and 2022(1. 90%, 4/211). Compared with 2018(8. 30%,22/265) and 2020(14. 78%,30/203),the positive rate of RSV decreased significantly in 2019(3. 13%,10/319), 2021(4. 08%,10/245) and 2022(1. 90%,4/211). Type A prevailed in 2018(19/22) and 2022(4/4), type B(25/30) prevailed in 2020, type A and type B coexisted in 2019 and 2021. The detection rate showed had no statistically significant seasonal difference except for 2020 [7. 14%(3/42), 16. 39%(10/61), 27. 12%(16/59), 0(0/42),χ^(2)= 16. 975,P<0. 001]. Among all the 76 RSV positive samples, 17(22. 37%) showed multiple infections. Among them, human rhinovirus was the most common virus causing mixed infection, accounting for 58. 83%(10/17) of the mixed infection. Conclusion RSV is a common respiratory virus prevalent in Guangzhou, and children under 3 years old are the main population infected with RSV. RSV infection is prevalent every other year, with the characteristics of alternating epidemic of type A and type B, and the anti-seasonal epidemic appeared after the COVID-19. After the outbreak of COVID-19, the detection rate of

关 键 词:呼吸道合胞病毒 急性呼吸道感染 新冠病毒感染 流行特征 

分 类 号:R725.6[医药卫生—儿科]

 

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