新型冠状病毒感染疫情暴发前后北京市怀柔区呼吸道感染住院患者病原体病原谱的分析  

Pathogen spectrum analysis of acute respiratory infection among inpatients before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in Huairou district of Beijing

作　　者：张玥娇 赵小娟[1] 王保东[1] 杨剑 ZHANG Yuejiao;ZHAO Xiaojuan;WANG Baodong;YANG Jian(The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Huairou Distract,Beijing 101400,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]北京市怀柔区疾病预防控制中心传染病地方病防制科,北京101400 [2]北京怀柔医院,北京101400

出　　处：《中国病毒病杂志》2023年第2期126-130,共5页Chinese Journal of Viral Diseases

摘　　要：目的 分析新型冠状病毒感染疫情暴发前后北京市怀柔区呼吸道感染住院患者呼吸道病原体的构成及流行特征的变化。方法 收集2018年1月—2021年12月北京市怀柔区哨点监测医院呼吸道感染住院患者标本,使用ABI 7500实时荧光定量PCR仪对采集的样本进行流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、腺病毒、副流感病毒、偏肺病毒、冠状病毒、鼻病毒、博卡病毒、肠道病毒、肺炎支原体、肺炎衣原体等病原体的扩增核酸检测。结果 2018年1月—2021年12月共检测1 148份样本,病原检出阳性率24.65%(283例);新型冠状病毒感染疫情暴发后(2020—2021年)的总体病原阳性检出率(79/522,15.13%)明显低于疫情暴发前(2018—2019年)(204/626, 32.59%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=46.683, P<0.01)。0~<2岁及2~<5岁年龄组疫情后的病原阳性检出率(分别为46.15%、 45.45%)高于其他年龄组(χ^(2)=73.053,P<0.01);疫情前副流感病毒(14.22%)、肺炎支原体(12.75%)、肠道病毒(10.29%)为病原谱前3位,疫情后呼吸道合胞病毒(21.52%)、副流感病毒(17.72%)、鼻病毒(17.72%)为病原谱前3位。呼吸道病原体检出高峰主要在冬季,夏季也呈现小高峰。结论 新型冠状病毒感染疫情暴发后5岁以下儿童仍是呼吸道感染防控主要人群,及时发现疫情后呼吸道病原体的主要种类,有利于临床医生识别诊断。Objective To analyze the composition and epidemiological characteristics of respiratory pathogens in hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections in Huairou district before and after the outbreak of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19). Methods Respiratory specimens were collected from hospitalized patients who met the case definition in Huairou district during the period of January 2018 and December 2021. The samples were tested for influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, metapneumovirus, coronavirus, rhinovirus, bocavirus, enterovirus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae and other respiratory pathogens by using ABI 7500 real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay. Results From January 2018 to December 2021, a total of 1 148 samples were tested and the overall positive rate was 24. 65%(283cases). The positive detection rate after the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020—2021(79/522) was significantly lower than that before the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2018—2019(204/626)(15. 13% vs 32. 59%, χ^(2)=46. 683, P<0. 01). The positive rates in children aged 0—<2 years and 2—<5 years after the outbreak of COVID-19were 46. 15% and 45. 45% respectively, were significantly higher than those in other age groups (χ^(2)=73. 053,P<0. 01). Mycoplasma pneumoniae(12. 75%), enterovirus(10. 29%) and adenovirus(10. 29%) were the top three pathogens before the outbreak, while, after the outbreak, the top three pathogens were syncytial virus(21. 52%), parainfluenza(17. 72%) and rhinovirus(17. 72%). In Huairou district, the detection rate of respiratory pathogens peaked in winter, there was also a small peak in summer. Conclusion After the outbreak of COVID-19, children under 5 years old are still the main population for respiratory infection control. The change of pathogen spectrum before and after the outbreak of covid-19 is helpful for clinician to recognize and diagnose the disease.

关 键 词：呼吸道感染 新型冠状病毒感染 病原体 病原谱 

分 类 号：R373.1[医药卫生—病原生物学]