江西境内松墨天牛生活史特征的季节和纬度变化  

Seasonal and latitudinal variations of life history traits in Monochamus alternatus(Coleoptera:Cerambycidae)in Jiangxi Province,Southeast China

作　　者：潘友粮 罗致迪 李红征 李金 官忠民 焦挺 刘兴平[1] PAN You-Liang;LUO Zhi-Di;LI Hong-Zheng;LI Jin;GUAN Zhong-Min;JIAO Ting;LIU Xing-Ping(Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration in Poyang Lake Watershed,School of Forestry,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Jiangxi Environmental Engineering Vocational College,Ganzhou 341000,China;Jiangxi Forestry Harmful Organism Control and Quarantine Bureau,Nanchang 330077,China;Forestry Bureau of Quannan Country,Ganzhou 341800,China;Forestry Bureau of Nancheng Country,Fuzhou 344700,China;Forestry Bureau of Wanli District of Nanchang City,Nanchang 330004,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学林学院,鄱阳湖流域森林生态系统保护与修复国家林业和草原局重点实验室,南昌330045 [2]江西环境工程职业学院,赣州341000 [3]江西省林业有害生物检验检疫中心,南昌330077 [4]江西省全南县林业局,赣州341800 [5]江西省南城县林业局,抚州344700 [6]江西省南昌市湾里区林业局,南昌330004

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2023年第4期522-530,共9页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：江西省林业局科技创新专项(201910);国家自然科学基金项目(31760106)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明产卵季节和地理纬度对松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus生活史特征的影响,为该虫的精确测报和治理提供依据。【方法】在江西境内沿约1°的纬度梯度自南向北建立6处固定试验样地,通过林间诱木截顶网罩的方式调查松墨天牛的世代分化和发育历期,以及通过枯死树解剖的方式调查越冬虫龄的差异。【结果】松墨天牛在赣南和赣中地区存在二代分化现象,其中赣南地区二代分化比例随产卵月份从45.75%下降至2.46%,赣中地区二代分化比例随产卵月份从17.42%下降至0,而在赣北地区仅发生1代,不存在世代分化现象。比较不同纬度下同期所产的卵的二代分代比例时发现,随着地理纬度的增加平均二代分化比例从21.92%下降至0。比较松墨天牛林间的发育历期发现,分化个体的卵-蛹历期在110.66~122.01 d之间且显示同向梯度变异,未分化个体的卵-蛹历期在330.61~366.01 d之间且显示反向梯度变异,但均不存在明显差异。比较越冬幼虫的虫龄及其占比发现,赣南和赣中地区以2-5龄幼虫越冬,赣北地区则以4-5龄幼虫越冬,越冬幼虫中2龄幼虫占比随着地理纬度的增加从12.47%下降至0,而越冬5龄幼虫占比从45.33%上升至98.40%。【结论】季节和纬度对松墨天牛的生活史特征具有一定的影响,其中产卵季节和地理纬度明显影响松墨天牛的世代分化比例,而对分化个体和未分化个体的发育历期影响不明显,越冬虫龄和占比明显受地理纬度的影响。【Aim】To explore the effects of oviposition season and geographical latitude on life history traits of the Japanese pine sawyer beetle,Monochamus alternatus,so as to provide a basis for the accurate prediction and management of this insect pest.【Methods】Six monitoring plots along the latitudinal gradient of about 1°in Jiangxi Province,Southeast China were established,then the generation differentiation and developmental duration were investigated by field pine tree trunk covering observation,and the overwintering larval instars were surveyed through dead wood dissecting.【Results】The 2nd generation differentiation of M.alternatus occurred in southern and central Jiangxi.The proportion of the differentiation entering the 2nd generation decreased from 45.75%to 2.46%in southern Jiangxi and from 17.42%to 0 in central Jiangxi with the delay of oviposition season,while there was only one generation in northern Jiangxi,where no generation differentiation occurred.The proportion of the eggs laid at the same month entering the 2nd generation decreased from 21.92%to 0 with increasing geographical latitude.The egg-pupal duration in differentiated and undifferentiated individuals in the forest was 110.66-122.01 and 330.61-366.01 d,respectively,and showed a latitudinal co-gradient variation and a counter-gradient variation,respectively.However,no significant difference was found in the developmental duration of differentiated and undifferentiated individuals.The overwintering larvae were at the 2nd-5th instars in southern and central Jiangxi and 4th-5th instars in northern Jiangxi,and the proportion of the 2nd instar overwintening larvae significantly decreased from 12.47%to 0 and the proportion of the 5th instar overwintering larvae significantly increased from 45.33%to 98.40%with increasing geographical latitude.【Conclusion】Oviposition season and geographical latitude have certain effects on the life history traits of M.alternatus,showing that oviposition season and geographical latitude significantly affect

关 键 词：松墨天牛 世代分化 发育历期 越冬龄期 季节性 纬度梯度 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]