水星内磁层等离子体带及电流体系  

The plasma belt and the associated current systems in the inner magnetosphere of Mercury

作　　者：石振 戎昭金[1,2,3] 魏勇 SHI Zhen;RONG ZhaoJin;WEI Yong(Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing100029,China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing100049,China;Mohe Observatory of Geophysics,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Mohe Heilongjiang165303,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所地球与行星物理院重点实验室,北京100029 [2]中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院,北京100049 [3]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,黑龙江漠河地球物理国家野外科学观测研究站,黑龙江漠河165303

出　　处：《地球物理学报》2023年第6期2236-2251,共16页Chinese Journal of Geophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金(41922031);中国科学院重点部署项目(ZDBS-SSW-TLC00103);中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所重点部署项目(IGGCAS-201904,IGGCAS-202102)资助。

摘　　要：水星是太阳系中离主星最近的和最小的类地行星,它具有独特的空间环境.水手10号(Mariner 10)确认水星拥有全球性内禀偶极磁场和磁层.但是由于早期观测有限,人们通常将水星磁层简单地视作地球磁层的缩小版来研究.不过,在信使号(MESSENGER)访问水星之后,人们认识到水星和地球的空间环境有巨大差异.通过更深入的分析研究,人们发现在水星内磁层中,夜侧磁赤道面附近有带状的等离子体分布,并且该等离子体带可能与多种磁层电流体系(分叉环电流、亚暴电流楔和东向电流等)密切相关.在贝彼哥伦布(BepiColombo)计划揭开水星研究的新篇章之际,本文回顾近些年来与水星内磁层等离子体带及相关电流体系有关的研究,并指出相关研究将是未来水星空间环境的前沿热点.Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest terrestrial planet.It has a unique space environment.Mariner 10found and confirmed that Mercury possesses a global intrinsic dipole magnetic field and a magnetosphere.Yet,due to limited observations early on,people treated Mercury′s magnetosphere as a scaled-down version of Earth′s.Instead,after MESSENGER′s visit to Mercury,the significant discrepancy between Mercury′s magnetosphere and Earth′s became increasingly apparent.With in-depth analysis of MESSENGER′s observation data,a crescent-shaped plasma belt was found on the nightside magnetic equator nearby the planet inside Mercury′s inner magnetosphere.This belt could be closely related to the magnetospheric current systems such as bifurcated ring current;substorm current wedge;and eastward current.At the point when BepiColombo is opening a new era in studying Mercury,this paper is going to review the recent studies about the plasma belt and the associated current systems based on the measurements of MESSENGER.It will also point out that those issues about the plasma belt will be the hot frontiers of the future researches of Mercury′s space environment.And the issues associated with current systems will shape future explorations in this area.

关 键 词：水星磁层 等离子体带 东向电流 磁层电流体系 

分 类 号：P353[天文地球—空间物理学]