聚磷酸铵分层阻燃处理对杨木大片刨花板性能的影响  

Effect of flame retarding treatment with ammonium polyphosphiteon properties of poplar flakeboards

作　　者：毛威 田飞宇 朱春锋 徐德良 贾翀 徐信武 MAO Wei;TIAN Feiyu;ZHU Chunfeng;XU Deliang;JIA Chong;XU Xinwu(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学材料科学与工程学院,南京210037

出　　处：《林业工程学报》2023年第3期71-78,共8页Journal of Forestry Engineering

基　　金：湖北省技术创新专项(2019ABA097)。

摘　　要：针对传统均混阻燃剂工艺对刨花板性能的不利影响以及刨花板燃烧由表及里发展的特点,采用“表-芯-表”分层施加阻燃剂的方法制备阻燃大片刨花板。将总质量分数为12.5%的聚磷酸铵(APP)阻燃剂引入大片刨花板中,调控大片刨花板每层阻燃剂添加量,探究分层阻燃工艺对大片刨花板内结合强度、静曲强度、弹性模量及吸水厚度膨胀率等物理性能的影响。采用锥形量热仪表征产品的燃烧特性,并对大片刨花板燃烧后残炭的组成进行了分析。结果表明:分层施加阻燃剂有效调控了大片刨花板的力学性能和吸水厚度膨胀率,弹性模量均比未添加阻燃剂板材高226 MPa以上;分层工艺中APP424内结合强度和静曲强度提升最高,与均混工艺相比,分别提升0.15和8.59 MPa;无机阻燃剂APP在表层的施加量会影响大片刨花板的静曲强度,在芯层的施加量会影响大片刨花板的内结合强度;分层施加阻燃剂对大片刨花板的阻燃性能提升明显,第2放热峰延缓了255~435 s,且火灾危险性明显下降,其中APP343(上、下表层各施加质量分数为3.75%的APP,芯层施加5%的APP)防火安全性最佳;分层施加阻燃剂有效提高了阻燃大片刨花板的气相阻燃效果,且并未明显影响大片刨花板的凝聚相阻燃性能。采用分层阻燃工艺方法,有效降低了阻燃剂对大片刨花板力学性能的影响,同时更有利于在燃烧初期遏制燃烧进程。In view of the adverse impact of the traditional mixing flame-retardant technology on the performance of flakeboards and their characteristics of combustion developing from the surface to the core,this paper explored the preparation of flakeboards by applying different amounts of the ammonium polyphosphate(APP)flame retardant with a total ratio of 12.5%via the“surface-core-surface”layering method.To investigate the effect of layered flame retar-dant technology on the combustion characteristics and physical and mechanical performances of the flakeboards,the internal binding strength(IB),static bending strength(MOR),elastic modulus(MOE),moisture absorption,and thickness swelling rate(TS)of the products were measured,and the combustion process was examined by the Cone calorimeter,and the composition of carbon residue of the flakeboard combustion was analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results indicated that:Layered incorporation of the flame retardant significantly improved the mechanical properties and moisture stability of the flakeboards and their MOE was 226 MPa higher than that of the flakeboards without flame retardant;APP424 achieved the best performance in the layered APP treatment flakeboards,which reached an increase in IB of 0.15 MPa and an increase in MOR of 8.59 MPa compared with the homogenizing process.The application APP on the surface layer affected the MOR of the flakeboards,and the application amount on the core layer affected the IB of the flakeboards.Layered APP treatment significantly improved the flame-retardant performance of the flakeboards,and the best flakeboard was APP343 having 3.75%APP on the up and bottom layers,and 5%APP on the core layer.Compared with the flakeboards without flame retardant and the homogenization process,the fire growth index of the flakeboards after the layered APP treatment decreased significantly and the fire performance index increased significantly.The second peak of the heat release rate was delayed to 255-435 s.The application of flame retard

关 键 词：阻燃刨花板 分层铺装 力学性能 燃烧特性 磷氮类阻燃剂 

分 类 号：S781[农业科学—木材科学与技术]