过热水蒸气提取杉木精油及各馏分成分分析  

Extraction and composition analysis of Chinese fir essential oil at different superheated steam temperatures

作　　者：马守肖 段昊沅 毛萍 朱凯[1,2] MA Shouxiao;DUAN Haoyuan;MAO Ping;ZHU Kai(College of Chemical Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Nanjing Ouya Essence and Spice Co.Ltd.,Nanjing 210012,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学化学工程学院,南京210037 [2]南京欧亚香精香料有限公司,南京210012

出　　处：《林业工程学报》2023年第3期79-83,共5页Journal of Forestry Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0600405)。

摘　　要：以杉木根屑为原料,采用过热蒸汽连续升温工艺提取不同温度段的杉木精油。投料量为400 g,蒸汽流量为900 mL/h,蒸馏釜塔内温度为<100,≥100~150,≥150~200和≥200~250℃,可得到不同温度段提取的精油。考察不同温度段得到的杉木精油得率及组成成分的差异。结果表明:过热蒸汽连续升温过程中,当蒸汽温度为≥100~150℃时,精油得率最高,为1.44%,过热蒸汽提取的总精油得率为3.95%,是常压水蒸气蒸馏法的2.56倍。过热蒸汽连续升温工艺中不同温度段得到的精油组成成分有所变化,主要表现为烯类化合物减少,醇类化合物增加,α-柏木烯质量分数由31.72%下降到11.49%,β-柏木烯质量分数由13.12%下降到5.17%,柏木醇质量分数由27.37%上升至47.60%。过热蒸汽连续升温不仅能高质高效地提取杉木精油,还能明确不同温度段得到的精油组分差异,为杉木精油的高效开发与满足不同产品需求提供科学依据。Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata)is the most widely cultivated,fast growing,and high economic value timber species in the Yangtze River basin and south of the Qinling Mountains in China.It is usually used for buildings,bridges,shipbuilding,pillars,wooden piles,electric poles,furniture,and wood fiber industrial raw materials.Since the strong resistance to wind,smoke,and dust,this wood species can be used as street trees and build wind breaks.Chinese fir oil has a special smell,which could not only be used for sterilization and fatigue relief,but also be used as a chemical raw material to replace essence and spice.To explore the difference between the chemical composition of essential oils obtained at different temperature ranges,the Chinese fir essential oil was extracted from Chinese fir root cuttings at different temperatures by continuous heating with superheated steam.When the feeding amount was 400 g,the steam flow was 900 mL/h,and the temperatures in the distillation kettle tower were<100,≥100-150,≥150-200,and≥200-250℃.The distillation kettle was continuously heated,and the essential oil of Chinese fir was condensed with steam in the condenser to receive the distillation products at different temperatures,and separated by a separating funnel to obtain the essential oil of Chinese fir.The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and the essential oils extracted at diffe-rent temperatures were received.The yield and composition of the Chinese fir essential oil obtained at different tempe-ratures were investigated.The results showed that when the production of essential oil was at≥100-150℃,the highest yield was 1.44%,and the total yield was 3.95%,which was 2.56 times that of atmospheric steam distillation.The composition of the essential oils obtained at different temperatures changed,mainly manifested in the decrease of olefins and the increase of alcohols,the content ofα-cedrene decreased from 31.72%to 11.49%,and the content ofβ-

关 键 词：杉木精油 过热水蒸气蒸馏 化学成分 馏分 

分 类 号：S791.27[农业科学—林木遗传育种]