基于土壤颗分粒径的泥沙来源量化研究  

Identification of Sediment Sources Based on Grain Size of Soil

作　　者：李骁政 任宗萍[1] 张晓明[2] 李占斌[1] 李鹏[1] 潘金金 LI Xiaozheng;REN Zongping;ZHANG Xiaoming;LI Zhanbin;LI Peng;PAN Jinjin(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi′an University of Technology,Xi′an 710048,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安710048 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2023年第4期34-41,共8页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“黄土高原典型流域水沙变化趋势预测集合评估”(51879281);“黄土高原生态建设对流域侵蚀产沙的影响与机制(42077074)”。

摘　　要：[目的]揭示黄土高原风水复合侵蚀区风力作用对水蚀的影响,为具有不同泥沙粒径侵蚀物质来源识别提供一种有效的方法支撑,也为风水复合侵蚀区侵蚀泥沙来源辨识提供理论参考。[方法]以覆沙模拟风蚀产物,基于室内模拟试验,研究覆沙之后坡面侵蚀发育特征,同时为了有效区分不同时刻侵蚀物质的来源,尝试采用泥沙粒径作为指纹因子进行侵蚀泥沙来源贡献的辨识。[结果]不同泥沙粒径组的3个指纹因子(粒径范围分别为:26.303~34.674,104.713~138.038,138.038~181.970μm)通过检验被确定为最佳指纹因子。基于最佳指纹因子,通过多元混合模型计算得出,在对同一土槽进行的3个阶段模拟降雨试验中覆沙层和黄土层的平均泥沙贡献率分别为48.2%和51.8%,24.8%和75.2%,6.8%和93.2%,且MAF>0.8。覆沙层的泥沙贡献率为第一阶段试验>第二阶段试验>第三阶段试验,计算结果与DEM相吻合。[结论]泥沙源地和侵蚀泥沙中的不同泥沙粒径组可作为指纹因子进行泥沙来源辨别,复合指纹法具有较好的适用性。[Objective]The research aims to reveal the influence of wind action on water erosion in the wind-water composite erosion area of the Loess Plateau,provide an effective method support for the identification of erosion material sources with different sediment particle sizes,and a theoretical reference for the identification of erosion sediment sources in the wind-water composite erosion area.[Methods]The wind erosion products were simulated by sand covering.Based on the indoor simulation experiment,the development characteristics of slope erosion after sand covering were studied,and in order to effectively distinguish the sources of erosion materials at different times,the sediment particle size was used as a fingerprint factor to identify the contribution of erosion sediment sources.[Results]Three fingerprint factors of different sediment particle size groups(particle size range:26.303~34.674μm,104.713~138.038μm,138.038~181.970μm)were identified as the best fingerprint factors by testing.Based on the best fingerprint factors,the average sediment contribution rates of the sand-covered layer and the loess layer were 48.2%and 51.8%,24.8%and 75.2%,6.8%and 93.2%,respectively,and the MAF was greater than 0.8 in the three stages of simulated rainfall experiments in the same soil bin.The contribution rate of sediment in the sand-covered layer was in the order:the first stage test>the second stage test>the third stage test,and the calculation results were consistent with the DEM.[Conclusion]Different sediment particle size groups in sediment source area and erosion sediment can be used as fingerprint factors to identify sediment sources,and the composite fingerprint method has good applicability.

关 键 词：覆沙坡面 模拟降雨 泥沙来源 颗粒粒径 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]