天目湖流域茶园不同施肥水平与方式对茶叶品质和土壤氮磷淋失浓度的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilization Levels and Methods on Tea Quality and Leaching Concentrations of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Soil in Tianmu Lake Basin

作　　者：叶志成 朱青[1] 廖凯华[1] 李恒鹏[1] 赖晓明[1] 李保杰 刘亚 YE Zhicheng;ZHU Qing;LIAO Kaihua;LI Hengpeng;LAI Xiaoming;LI Baojie;LIU Ya(Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,CAS,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Environmental Science&Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所流域地理学重点实验室,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,南京210044

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2023年第4期53-60,68,共9页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金资助项目(42125103);国家自然科学基金面上项目(42171077);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金项目(BK202200420);中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项“美丽中国生态文明建设科技工程”(XDA23020403);中国科学院青年创新促进会基金(2020317);中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所自主部署科研项目(NIGLAS2022GS10)。

摘　　要：[目的]出于对天目湖流域水环境保护的需要,揭示施肥对茶叶品质和土壤氮磷淋失的影响机制,遴选流域内茶园最佳施肥模式,进而为天目湖流域面源污染治理提供理论支撑。[方法]基于长期定位试验,考虑了两种施肥方式(传统复合肥CF和优化缓释肥OF),并设置了CF/OF 1(214.73,74.26 kg/hm^(2)),CF/OF_(2)(245.40,84.86 kg/hm^(2)),CF/OF 3(306.75,106.08 kg/hm^(2))和CF/OF_(4)(368.10,127.30 kg/hm^(2))4个氮磷施用水平,以探讨其对天目湖茶园土壤氮磷淋失浓度和茶叶品质的影响。[结果]在同等施肥水平下,相较于CF处理,基于OF的茶园土壤溶解性总氮、硝态氮、溶解性总磷和正磷酸盐淋失浓度分别减少40.22%~82.31%,44.86%~62.39%,26.67%~96.36%和20.00%~97.29%;不同施肥水平和方式对茶叶水浸出物含量的影响很小(变化范围47.4%~48.7%),但对茶叶酚氨比的影响显著,其中2022年春茶以CF_(4)最低(2.52),其次为CF 1(2.71)和OF 1(2.76)。[结论]综合考虑茶叶品质和土壤氮磷淋失浓度等因素,采用OF 1施肥模式可在确保研究区茶叶品质不降低的条件下有效减少土壤的氮磷淋失。[Objective]According to the need for water environmental protection in the Tianmu Lake Basin,the effect mechanism of fertilization on tea quality and soil nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)leaching was revealed,and the optimal fertilization model of tea plantations in the basin was selected,so as to provide theoretical support for the control of non-point source pollution in Tianmu Lake Basin.[Methods]Basing on long-term located experiments,two fertilization methods such as conventional fertilization(CF)and optimizing fertilization(OF)were considered in this research,and four different N and P application levels.including CF/OF 1(214.73 and 74.26 kg/hm^(2)),CF/OF_(2)(245.40 and 84.86 kg/hm^(2)),CF/OF 3(306.75 and 106.08 kg/hm^(2))and CF/OF_(4)(368.10 and 127.30 kg/hm^(2))were designed to discuss the effects on N and P leaching concentration and tea quality in Tianmu Lake tea plantation.[Results]Under the same fertilization level,compared with CF treatment,the OF treatment had lower leaching concentration of dissolved total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,dissolved total phosphorus and orthophosphate in soil of tea plantation which decreased by 40.22%~82.31%,44.86%~62.39%,26.67%~96.36%and 20.00%~97.29%,respectively.Different fertilization levels and methods had little effect on the tea water extract content(ranging from 47.4%to 48.7%),but had a great effect on phenol/ammonia ratio of tea.Phenol/ammonia ratio in 2022 spring tea under CF_(4)treatment was the lowest(2.52),followed by CF 1 treatment(2.71)and OF 1 treatment(2.76).[Conclusion]Considering tea quality and soil N and P leaching concentration,OF 1 model can both ensure a high quality of the tea and effectively reduce the N and P leaching in soil in the research area.

关 键 词：天目湖流域 茶园 面源污染 缓释肥 氮磷淋失 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]