近三届奥运会世界田径竞技格局与中国田径竞技实力提升策略  

Competitive Pattern ofWorld Track and Field in the Recent Three Olympic Games and the Strategy of Improving Chinese Track and Field Competitive Strength

作　　者：刘江山 张佐红 邹利民[3] LIU Jiangshan;ZHANG Zuohong;ZOU Limin(School of P.E.,Changzhou Univ.,Changzhou 213164,China;Nanjing 54th Middle School,Nanjing 210016,China;School of P.E.,Jing Gangshan Univ.,Jian 343009,China)

机构地区：[1]常州大学体育学院,江苏常州213164 [2]南京市第五十四中学,江苏南京210016 [3]井冈山大学体育学院,江西吉安343009

出　　处：《南京体育学院学报》2023年第5期54-62,I0001,共10页Journal of Nanjing Sports Institute

基　　金：江苏省哲学社会科学规划项目(20TYD001);江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究项目(2020SJA1217);江西省教育科学规划一般项目(21YB124)。

摘　　要：运用文献资料法、比较分析法、数理统计法等研究方法,从近三届奥运会分析世界田坛与我国田径竞技实力现状。结果表明:(1)奖牌分布特征显示美国整体竞技实力依旧十分强大,其他各国与其有明显差距,国际田坛整体格局已逐步形成集团化特征;区域竞技实力特征显示,各大洲总体差异化明显,呈现欧洲和北美洲两强分庭抗争的局面。(2)中国田径奥运参赛项目不够均衡,达标人数相对较少;无论是进入奥运前八名的人数,还是总积分,亦或是进入前八名项目分布均不理想,且田径对奥运会奖牌贡献率始终较低;女子投掷和男子短跑、跳跃等部分项目虽有重大突破,但田径整体竞争力依然不足。建议:继续发挥举国体制的优势,不断优化田径运动训练理念;科学统筹田径项目发展布局,进一步提升国际竞争力;强化科技助力田径科学化训练,精准发力解决关键问题;坚持运动员—教练员后备人才培养“双管齐下”,夯实田径后备人才梯队;打造高水平智能化田径训练基地,营造优质训练竞赛环境。Using literature、comparative analysis、mathematical statistics and other research methods,from the recent three Olympic Games to analyze the world athletics and Chinese Track and field Competitive Strength.The results show that:(1)The distribution of Medals shows that the overall competitive strength of the United States is still very strong,and there is a significant gap between other countries,the overall pattern of world track and field has gradually formed a collectivization feature;The characteristics of regional competitive strength are realistic,and the overall differentiation of all continents is obvious,presenting a situation of two strong divisions of Europe and North America fighting.(2)Chinese track and field events are not balanced,and the number of qualified athletes is relatively small;No matter the number of people in the top eight,or the total score,or the distribution of the top eight events are not ideal,and the contribution rate of track and field to the Olympic Medals is always low;Although women’s throwing and men’s sprinting and jumping have made great breakthroughs,the overall competitiveness of track and field is still insufficient.Suggestions:continue to give full play to the advantages of the whole nation system and optimize the training concept of track and field sports;Scientific overall planning of the development layout of track and field events to further enhance international competitiveness;Strengthen scientific training of track and field assisted by science and technology,and solve key problems with precision;Adhere to the“two-pronged”training of athlete-coach reserve talents,and consolidate the track and field reserve talent echelon;To build a high-level intelligent track and field training base and create a high-quality training competition environment.

关 键 词：奥运会 田径 竞技实力 运动训练 

分 类 号：G832[文化科学—体育训练]