河南省焦作市60岁及以上老年人新型冠状病毒疫苗未接种影响因素及原因分析  

Analysis of influencing factors and causes of unvaccination against COVID-19 among elderly people aged 60 years or older in Jiaozuo city,Henan province

作　　者：王军[1] 原跃礼[1] 张艳 任宝红 冯晖[1] 李航 WANG Jun;YUAN Yueli;ZHANG Yan;REN Baohong;FENG Hui;LI Hang(Jiaozuo Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jiaozuo,Henan 454000,China)

机构地区：[1]焦作市疾病预防控制中心,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《现代疾病预防控制》2023年第5期331-337,共7页MODERN DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

摘　　要：目的分析河南省焦作市≥60岁老年人未接种新型冠状病毒疫苗(简称新冠疫苗)的影响因素并分析其原因,为进一步提高≥60岁老年人新冠疫苗接种覆盖率提供参考依据。方法采取非匹配病例对照研究方法,以焦作市98个乡镇中≥60岁未接种新冠疫苗的老年人作为未接种组,选择居住在同村或同社区≥60岁已接种新冠疫苗的老年人作为接种组,采用多因素logistic回归分析未接种的主要影响因素。结果共调查接种组和未接种组各918人。未接种组老年人未接种的主要原因为:有基础性疾病处于稳定期,但本人或家人害怕不良反应占31.37%,有基础性疾病处于急性期占26.80%,本人或家人认为年龄大,不外出,没有接种的必要性占12.75%,有基础性疾病稳定期但临床医生判定为暂缓或禁忌接种占12.31%。多因素logistic回归分析显示:年龄[70~岁组:OR值(95%CI):1.247(0.954~1.630),80~岁组:OR值(95%CI):2.860(1.994~4.102),90~组:OR值(95%CI):5.220(2.378~11.458)]、罹患基础性疾病数量[1种:OR值(95%CI):6.861(5.004~9.407),2种:OR值(95%CI):13.531(9.229~19.840),≥3种:OR值(95%CI):72.991(37.286~142.887)]、共同居住人新冠疫苗是否全部接种[部分接种:OR值(95%CI):3.574(2.140~5.969),全部未接种:OR值(95%CI):7.760(3.776~15.946)]、有无流感疫苗或肺炎疫苗接种史[OR值(95%CI):0.362(0.176~0.747)]、本人或家庭成员有无医学背景[OR值(95%CI):0.347(0.199~0.605)]、是否定期参加体检[OR值(95%CI):0.506(0.385~0.666)]、是否向接种门诊咨询[OR值(95%CI):0.543(0.411~0.716)]、是否设置社区或村临时接种点[OR值(95%CI):0.468(0.288~0.761)]、提供上门服务[OR值(95%CI):0.084(0.045~0.156)]对≥60岁人群新冠疫苗接种有影响(P<0.05)。结论针对特殊老年群体提供具有针对性的知识宣讲、健康评估、疫苗接种全流程服务;开展家庭动员,消除老年人和家庭子女疫苗接种顾虑;提供上门服务等提高老年人接种疫苗的便利�Objective To analyze the influencing factors and causes of unvaccination against COVID-19 among people over 60 years old in Jiaozuo city,and provide a reference for further improving vaccination coverage of COVID-19 vaccine among people aged 60 years and older.Methods A non-matching case-control study was conducted,in which people aged 60 years or older who had not received COVID-19 vaccine in 98 townships in Jiaozuo city were selected as the unvaccinated group,and people aged 60 years or older who had received the new coronavirus vaccine living in the same village or community were selected as the vaccinated group;multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the main influencing factors of unvaccination.Results A total of 918 people in each of the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups were investigated in the study.The main causes of unvaccination among the elderly in the unvaccinated group:31.37%had underlying diseases in the stable stage,but they or their families were afraid of adverse reactions,26.80%had underlying diseases in the acute stage,12.75%thought they or their families were too old to go out and there was no need for vaccination,and 12.31%had underlying diseases in the stable stage but the elinicians decided that vaccination was withheld or contraindicated.Logistic regression analysis showed that age[70-years old group:OR(95%CI):1.247(0.954-1.630),80-years old group:OR(95%C):2.860(1.994-4.102),90-years old group:OR(95%CD:5.220(2.378-11.458)].number of underlying diseases(1 type:0R(95%CN):6.861(5.004-9.407),2 lypes:0R(95%CD):13.531(9.229-19.840),3 or more than 3 types:OR(95%CI);72.991(37.286-142.887)],COVID-19 vaccination status of the people living together[partially vaccinated:OR(95%CI):3.574(2.140-5.969),fully unvaccinated:OR[(95%CI):7.760(3.776-15.946)],history of inluenza vaccination or pneumonia vaccination[OR(95%C):0.362(0.176-0.747)],medical background of the person or family members[OR(95%CI):0.347(0.199-0.605)],attending regular medical checkups[OR(95%CI):0.506(0.385-0.66)],consuling

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒疫苗 预防接种 免疫屏障 

分 类 号：R563.1[医药卫生—呼吸系统]