一起学校诺如病毒感染引起的胃肠炎暴发疫情调查  

Investigation on an outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by norovirus in a school

作　　者：张丽[1] 胡艳[1] ZHANG Li;HU Yan(Xinyan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xinyang,Henan 464000,China)

机构地区：[1]信阳市疾病预防控制中心,河南信阳464000

出　　处：《现代疾病预防控制》2023年第5期380-382,399,共4页MODERN DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

摘　　要：目的对2021年河南省信阳市商城县一起学校诺如病毒感染引起的胃肠炎暴发疫情的流行特征进行分析,为诺如病毒感染性腹泻防控提供参考依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对某小学诺如病毒感染暴发疫情数据进行分析,并采集发病学生的粪便、呕吐物以及学校外环境物表涂抹物等样本进行诺如病毒、轮状病毒核酸检测。结果本次疫情累计报告190例病例,涉及6个年级24个班级,罹患率10.71%。临床表现以呕吐(71.05%)、腹痛(28.95%)、腹泻(24.74%)为主,住院2例,无重症和死亡病例。南教楼的罹患率高于北教楼(χ^(2)=6.048,P<0.05),四年级罹患率高于其他年级(χ^(2)=51.918,P<0.05)。26份粪便、呕吐物和外环境物表拭子样品中,7份粪便标本检出诺如病毒核酸检测阳性,基因型均为GⅡ型。流行曲线显示呈人传人模式,发病日期为2021年10月27日至11月5日,11月2日达到发病高峰,采取停课、环境消毒等措施后发病数迅速下降。结论该起事件是诺如病毒GⅡ型感染引起的胃肠炎暴发疫情,应加强学生健康监测、及时进行消毒隔离、积极开展防控知识宣传等,控制学校诺如病毒感染疫情的发生及蔓延。Objective The epidemiological characteristics on the outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by norovirus in a school in Xinyang city in 2021 were analyzed,so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of infectious diarrhea of norovirus.Methods Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the outbreak data of norovirus infection in the primary school.The feces and vomits of students infected with norovirus,and smears from the surfaces of surrounding stuffs outside the school were collected for norovirus and rotavirus testing.Results A total of 190 cases were reported in this outbreak involved 24 classes of 6 grades.The attack rate was 10.71%.The clinical manifestations were mainly vomiting(71.05%),abdominal pain(28.95%),and diarrhea(24.74%).There were two inpatient cases and no severe or fatal cases.The attack rate in the southern teaching building was higher than that in northern teaching building(χ^(2)=6.048,P<0.05).The attack rate in grade 4 was higher than that in other grades(χ^(2)=51.918,P<0.05).A total 26 samples of feces,vomits,and smears of outside surrounding stuffs were tested in laboratory,with 7 positive samples of norovirus.All genotypes were norovirus GⅡ.The epidemic curve showed the route of transmission was person-to-person.The incidence date was from October 27 to November 5,2021,and it reached the peak of incidence on November 2.The number of cases decreased rapidly after taking measures such as class suspension and environmental disinfection.Conclusions The outbreak of gastroenteritis was caused by norovirus GⅡ.In order to control the norovirus infection in schools,the measures should be taken such as strengthening students'health monitoring,carrying out disinfection and isolation timely,and promoting health education actively.

关 键 词：诺如病毒 学校 暴发 流行病学调查 

分 类 号：R512.5[医药卫生—内科学]