外交、对外政策还是对外关系——论当代中国外交研究的学科困境  

Diplomacy,Foreign Policy or Foreign Relations:On the Disciplinary Dilemma of Contemporary China Diplomacy Studies

作　　者：张清敏[1] Zhang Qingmin(School of Intemational Studies,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院,北京100871

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2023年第5期31-52,164,共23页World Economics and Politics

摘　　要：中国外交、中国对外政策和中国对外关系是当前学界研究当代中国外交时常用的三个概念。它们在研究中经常被互换或交叉使用,反映了三者之间的密切联系。作为国际政治学的不同分支学科,它们的研究目的都是为揭示和解释某种规律,但三者具有不同的研究对象或侧重点,在研究设计中提出问题的角度和回答问题的路径也有所不同。在学界不断呼吁提高国际关系研究门槛和专业化水准的背景下,厘清相关概念,明确它们各自的研究对象,设计不同的研究议程,探求不同的内部规律,在学理上有利于提高学科的专业化程度,增强研究者的专业意识,深化该学科的研究程度;在实践上有利于纠正因缺乏专业知识而产生的关于外交的模糊认识,为中国外交营造健康和理性的国内舆论环境。推进和发展这些学科,一方面需要国际视野,把中国外交、中国对外政策和中国对外关系放在具有普遍意义的外交学、对外政策学和对外关系学的学科大背景下,从普遍的理论中汲取营养;另一方面也需要坚持本体意识,扎根中国实践,通过对中国实践的深入研究为这些领域的普遍理论构建贡献中国经验和中国智慧。China's diplomacy,China's foreign policy,and China's foreign relations are three commonly used concepts in the study of contemporary China's diplomacy.They are often used interchangeably and alternatively,reflecting their intimate relations.As different sub-disciplines of international politics,they share the same purpose of discovering and explaining the laws in their respective subjects;however,they differ in their specific research objects,focuses,angles of researching questions and methods in research design.As scholars in the IR community have recently called for elevating the threshold and level of specialization of IR studies,it is imperative to clarify their respective research objects,design different research agendas,and explore their inherent patterns.Doing so will,in theory,raise the level of academic specialization,enhance professional responsibility of researchers,and upgrade scientific degree of this discipline.In practice,it helps clarify some fuzzy understanding of China's diplomacy resulted from lack of specific knowledge on this subject,which is conducive to creating a sound and rational domestic environment for China's diplomacy.To promote progress in these sub-disciplines,a global perspective is needed to put the study of China's diplomacy,China's foreign policy,and China's foreign relations in a larger context of comparative studies of diplomacy,foreign policy,and foreign relations.At the same time,ontological consciousness is needed to make sure that these studies are rooted in Chinese practice so as to contribute Chinese experience and Chinese wisdom to constructing general and global theories in these fields.

关 键 词：中国外交 中国对外政策 中国对外关系 外交学 对外政策分析 

分 类 号：D82[政治法律—政治学]