明清法律体系本相考辩——论“律例法律体系”说的缺陷和“典例法律体系”说成立的理据  

Inquiry into the Original Form of Ming and Qing Legal Systems:The“Lvli Legal System”Theory and the“Dianli Legal System”Theory

作　　者：杨一凡[1,2,3] Yang Yifan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院荣誉学部,101300 [2]中国社会科学院法学研究所 [3]西北大学

出　　处：《世界社会科学》2023年第1期142-160,246,共20页SOCIAL SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL

摘　　要：围绕如何表述明清法律体系的问题,目前法史学界有“律例体系”“典例体系”等不同见解。对“法律体系”的内涵和界定标准理解不一,是造成认识分歧的根本原因。“律例”说忽视了“法律体系”定名应遵循“名从法定”“名从立法本意”、与法律编纂实际相一致的原则,存在立论依据难以自圆其说、忽视“律”的法律地位变迁、误读“会典”与“律”纲目关系、以刑事法律体系代替一代完整法律体系等缺陷,因而不能成立。明清法律编纂实际和明清“当时人”有关“典例”的论述表明,这一历史时期统治者始终是按照以典为纲、以例为目的指导思想和立法框架完善法律体系的,《会典》是国家的最高法典,刑律入典,《会典》统领各法,例是国家法律的核心内容,其本相是“典例法律体系”。There are different theories in the field of legal history on how to describe the legal system of Ming and Qing Dynasties,such as""Lvli system"theory and"Dianli system"theory.This difference is mainly caused by the different understandings of the connotation and definition standard of"legal system".The theory of"Lvli"ignores the fact that the naming of the"legal system"should follow the principle of"name follows the content of the law","name follows the original intention of the legislation",and the name should be consistent with the actual codification of law.The theory of"Lvli"cannot be established because of its dificulties to justify itself,and because of its ignoring the changes in the legal status of laws,misreading the relationship between"Huidian"and"Lv",and replacing a complete legal system with a criminal legal system.The codification of Ming and Qing laws,and the discussion about"Dianli"at that time show that the rulers of this historical period improve the legal system with"Dian"as the framework and"Li"as the detail."Huidian"is the highest law of the state,and the criminal law is included into it."Huidian"governs all laws,and"Li"is the core content of national laws.The original form of Ming and Qing legal systems is"Dianli legal system",

关 键 词：法律体系 律例体系 典例体系 “会典”与“律”的关系 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]