足球运动员侧切动作中前交叉韧带损伤机制研究  

Research on the Mechanism of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in the Stop-Redirect Movement of Football Players

作　　者：蒙恩[1] MENG En(School of Physical Education,Baotou Teachers'College,Baotou,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,014030 China)

机构地区：[1]包头师范学院体育学院,内蒙古包头014030

出　　处：《当代体育科技》2023年第16期5-8,共4页Contemporary Sports Technology

基　　金：内蒙古自治区2022年度高校科研项目(项目名称:高中足球运动员侧切动作中前交叉韧带损伤的机制研究,项目编号:NJZY22014)。

摘　　要：目的:探究足球运动员侧切动作中下肢运动学特点和生物力学特点,确定前交叉韧带的损伤风险因素及损伤过程。研究方法:对长时间进行足球专业训练的运动员进行实验研究,采集生物力学指标、动力学特征指标,采用数据统计、有限元模型进行数据统计分析。结果与结论:足球运动员在侧切动作中受到地面反作用力和膝关节力矩的影响明显;膝关节松弛、胫骨外旋、膝关节外翻、下肢进行低位摇摆动作、髋关节前屈、膝关节过伸、中心方向和双足承重方向不一致、膝关节屈角较小、腘绳肌与股四头肌肌力比值偏低是前交叉韧带损伤的主要风险因素;股四头肌和腘绳肌具有地面反作用力的缓冲作用,进行肌力针对性训练能够降低前交叉韧带损伤的风险。Objective:To explore the kinematic and biomechanical characteristics of lower limbs in the stop-redirect of football players,and determine the risk factors and process of anterior cruciate ligament injuries.Research methods:Experimental research was carried out on athletes who had been trained professionally in football for a long time,biomechanical indexes and kinetic characteristic indexes were collected,and data statistics and the finite element model were used for statistical analysis of data.Results and conclusions:Football players were significantly affected by ground reaction forces and knee moment in the stop-redirect movement,knee laxity,external rotation of the tibia,valgus of the knee joint,low rocking of the lower extremities,forward flexion of the hip,hyper-extension of the knee joint,inconsistency between the center direction and the weight-bearing direction of both feet,small knee flexion angles and low strength ratio of hamstring muscles and quadriceps femoris were the main risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injuries,and the quadriceps femoris and hamstrings muscles cushioned ground reaction forces,and strength-specific training could reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury.

关 键 词：体育 侧切动作 前交叉韧带 运动损伤 

分 类 号：G843[文化科学—体育训练]