揭膜时间对滴灌玉米生长及产量形成的影响  

Effects of Film-Uncovering Time on Growth and Yield Formation of Drip Irrigation Maize

作　　者：刘梦洁 刘道 梁飞[2,3] 李全胜 王国栋[2] 贾宏涛[1] LIU Meng-jie;LIU Dao;LIANG Fei;LI Quan-sheng;WANG Guo-dong;JIA Hong-tao(College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052;Institute of Farmland Water Conservancy and Soil and Fertilizer,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi 832000;Institute of Resources and Ecology,College of Biology and Geography,Ili Normal University,Ili 835000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所,新疆石河子832000 [3]伊犁师范大学生物与地理科学学院资源与生态研究所,新疆伊犁835000

出　　处：《玉米科学》2023年第2期97-105,115,共10页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31460550);兵团中青年领军人才计划(2018CB026);兵团南疆重点产业重新发展支撑计划(2021DB015)。

摘　　要：以郑单958为供试品种,设不覆膜(T0)、出苗后揭膜(T1)、第二水前揭膜(T2)、第三水前揭膜(T3)、第四水前揭膜(T4)和不揭膜(T5)处理,测定玉米生长指标,研究揭膜时期对滴灌玉米生长及产量的影响。研究表明,不同时期揭膜对玉米的生长影响不一致,在拔节期和大喇叭口期揭膜对玉米株高、茎粗和叶面积指数影响较小;对在抽雄期至成熟期株高、茎粗和叶面积影响较大,其中T3处理株高、茎粗和叶面积指数均显著高于T0处理。适时揭膜有利于提高玉米产量,其中,T3处理实收产量最高,较T0、T5处理分别增产25.46%和7.63%。将玉米实收产量(y)与揭膜时间(x)进行拟合,得出拟合方程为y=-0.3529x^(2)+58.677x+12074,R^(2)=0.8198;最高理论产量为14513.07 kg/hm^(2),最佳揭膜时间介于第三水和第四水之间。因此,在本试验条件下,北疆地区滴灌玉米最佳揭膜时间应在第三水至第四水之间,即六月底至七月初。Zhengdan958 was used as the test variety,the treatments of no film mulching(T0),film uncovering after emergence(T1),film uncovering before the second water(T2),film uncovering before the third water(T3),film uncovering before the fourth water(T4)and no film uncovering(T5)were set up to determine the growth index of maize and study the effect of film uncovering period on the growth and yield of drip irrigation maize.The results showed that the effects of film removal at different stages on the growth of maize were not completely consistent.The effects of film removal at jointing stage and large bell stage on plant height,stem diameter and leaf area index of maize were small.The plant height,stem diameter and leaf area index of T3 treatment were significantly higher than those of T0 treatment.The timely film removal was beneficial to increase the yield of maize,and the yield of T3 treatment was the highest,which increased by 25.46%and 7.63%respectively compared with T0 and T5 treatments.The fitting equation was y=-0.3529x^(2)+58.677x+12074,R^(2)=0.8198,which was obtained by fitting the yield of maize(y)with the film uncovering time(x).The highest theoretical yield was 14513.07 kg/ha,and the best film removal time was between the third water and the fourth water.Therefore,under the conditions of this experiment,the best time for drip irrigation maize in northern Xinjiang should be between the third water and the fourth water,that is,from the end of June to the beginning of July.

关 键 词：玉米 揭膜 滴灌 产量 干物质转移量 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]