不同施氮水平对春玉米高产群体产量及氮素利用的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels on the Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of High-yield Spring Maize Population

作　　者：王一莹 杜妍[1] 袁静超[1] 梁尧[1] 任皓 于东 刘剑钊[1] 蔡红光[1] WANG Yi-ying;DU Yan;YUAN Jing-chao;LIANG Yao;REN Hao;YU Dong;LIU Jian-zhao;CAI Hong-guang(Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment,Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.China,Changchun 130033;Nong’an Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Nong’an 130299,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院/农业农村部黑土地保护与利用重点实验室,长春130033 [2]农安县农业技术推广中心,吉林农安130299

出　　处：《玉米科学》2023年第2期106-115,共10页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：吉林省农业科技创新工程重大项目(CXGC2021ZD001);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-07-G-6);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20200403167SF)。

摘　　要：通过两年氮水平田间定位试验,以先玉335(XY335)和利民33(LM33)为供试品种,系统监测群体产量构成、氮素吸收、分配和转运特征。结果表明,玉米子粒产量随着氮肥用量的增加呈先增后降的趋势,其中,N3(N 300 kg/hm^(2))处理下产量最高,达14354 kg/hm^(2)。植株花后养分累积量和对子粒养分累积贡献率均随着施氮量的增加而增加,品种间比较,XY335和LM33氮素累积量的差异主要表现在开花以后,XY335比LM33具有更好的产量表现,且植株养分向子粒的转运效率更高。通过对两年两个品种不同氮水平下子粒产量进行拟合,获得一元二次方程y=-0.013x^(2)+9.9151x+12186,R2=0.8889,得出最佳经济施肥量为277.3 kg/hm^(2),其对应产量为13936 kg/hm^(2)。综合考虑土壤肥力和气候条件,东北中部黑土区氮肥用量280 kg/hm^(2)时,可以实现春玉米14000 kg/hm^(2)产量水平。合理的氮肥运筹有助于干物质向子粒中转移,增加植株吐丝后期氮素的吸收和转运效率,进而实现作物增产。Through two-year field trials with five nitrogen fertilizer levels were set,and Xianyu 35(XY335)and Limin 33(LM33)as the test varieties,which systematically monitor the populations yield composition,nitrogen absorption,distribution and transportation characteristics.The yield of maize grains grew first,then dropped when nitrogen fertilizer was increased.Among them,the yield with N3 treatment was the greatest,reaching 14354 kg/ha.The nutrient accumulation after flowering and contribution of nutrient accumulation to grain increased with increasing nitrogen application,and difference in nitrogen accumulation between XY335 and LM33 was mainly after flowering,XY335 had better yield performance than LM33,and plant nutrient remobilization to grain had higher efficiency.The one-variable quadratic equation y=-0.013x^(2)+9.9151x+12186,R2=0.8889 is produced and the best economic fertilization quantity is 277.3 kg/ha,corresponding yield is 13936 kg/ha.Comprehensive consideration of soil fertility and climatic conditions showed that a yield level of 14000 kg/ha of spring maize could be achieved at nitrogen fertilizer application of 280 kg/ha in black soil region in central northeast China.Reasonable nitrogen fertilizer management could help transfer dry matter to grains,while also increasing nitrogen absorption and transfer efficiency in the plant’s latter stages of silking,resulting in crop yield increase.

关 键 词：春玉米 产量 高产群体 氮肥 累积与分配 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]