我国玉米单产与全要素生产率贡献分解测算及动态特征考察  

Decomposition Calculation and Dynamic Characteristics of Maize Yield and Total Factor Productivity Contribution in China

作　　者：郑旭媛 林庆林 邓鸣 ZHENG Xu-yuan;LIN Qing-lin;DENG Ming(College of Economics and Management,Fujian Agricultural and Forest University,Fuzhou 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学经济管理学院,福州350002

出　　处：《玉米科学》2023年第2期158-165,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“我国三大平原‘资源-要素-政策’相协调的粮食和生态‘双安全’研究”(20&ZD094);国家自然科学基金面上项目“不完全要素市场与风险分担视角下粮食生产经营规模主体契约选择与组合行为及影响研究”(71973026);福建省自然科学基金面上项目“中微观视角下生产外包服务发展对中国农业生产要素配置结构影响——基于禀赋异质性与环节异质性视角”(2022J01149)。

摘　　要：基于索洛余值法和随机前沿法测算2003~2019年间玉米的全要素生产率,并将单产增长率和全要素生产率进行贡献分解,分析长期以来我国玉米单产增长和全要素生产率变化的原因。结果表明,2003~2019年间,中国玉米单产累计增长28%,其中劳动投入量、机械费用、种子用量、化肥施用量及全要素生产率增长的贡献率分别为-0.8%、22.5%、-3.8%、6.1%和75.9%。2003~2019年间,中国玉米生产全要素生产率波动性增长,余值法和随机前沿生产函数法计算累计涨幅达13.7%和18.7%,技术进步和技术效率提升在玉米全要素生产率增长中起到决定性的贡献作用,贡献率分别为68.8%和32.3%。在全要素生产率的强有力拉动作用下,我国玉米单产增长已从投入型转向效率型增长,要素投入趋于饱和,但全要素生产率提升仍有空间,分别表现在种子创新力提高、机械转型升级以及通过服务规模化提升规模效率等方面。In order to clarify the reasons for the growth of maize yield per unit area and the change of total factor productivity in China for a long time,this paper calculated the total factor productivity of maize from 2003 to 2019 based on Solow residual method and stochastic frontier method,and decomposed the contribution of growth rate of maize yield per unit area and total factor productivity.The analysis results showed that,from 2003 to 2019,China's maize yield per unit area increased by 28%,in which the contribution rates of labor input,machinery cost,seed use,fertilizer application and total factor productivity growth were-0.8%,22.5%,-3.8%,6.1%and 75.9%,respectively.From 2003 to 2019,the fluctuation of total factor productivity increased,and the cumulative increase calculated by the residual method and stochastic frontier production function method reached 13.7%or 18.7%.Technological progress and technological efficiency improvement played a decisive role in the growth of total factor productivity of maize production,and their contribution rates were 68.8%and 32.3%respectively.With the strong driving effect of total factor productivity,the growth of maize yield per unit area in China has shifted from input-oriented to efficiency-oriented growth.Factor input tends to saturation,but there is still room for the improvement of total factor productivity,which is reflected in the improvement of seed innovation,mechanical transformation and upgrading,and the improvement of scale efficiency through service scale.

关 键 词：玉米 全要素生产率 贡献分解 余值法 随机前沿法 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]