云南省巍山盆地和景东盆地新近纪犀类化石新材料  

New materials of rhinoceros from the Neogene basins of Western Yunnan,China

作　　者：卢小康[1,2] 高峰 字兴 李昌荣 刘喜树 谢丽华 罗联东 华艳芬 LU Xiaokang;GAO Feng;ZI Xing;LI Changrong;LIU Xishu;XIE Lihua;LUO Liandong;HUA Yanfen(Human Anatomy and Histology Department,Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450046,Henan;State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,Jiangsu;Yunnan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Kunming 650118,Yunnan;Weishan Cultural Relics Institute(Nanzhao Museum),Dali 671000,Yunnan;Jingdong Cultural Relics Institute,Pu'er 665000,Yunnan)

机构地区：[1]河南中医药大学医学院,人体解剖学教研室,河南郑州450046 [2]中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所,现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [3]云南省文物考古研究所,云南昆明650118 [4]巍山县文物管理所(南诏博物馆),云南大理671000 [5]景东县文物管理所,云南普洱665000

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2023年第3期692-703,共12页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院(A类和B类)战略性先导科技专项项目(批准号:XDA20070203和XDB26000000);中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所现代古生物学与地层学国家重点实验室开放基金自主项目(批准号:203113)共同资助;国家自然科学基金面上项目(批准号:42172001)。

摘　　要：云南省新近纪地层出露广泛,化石丰富。本研究首次记述了产自巍山盆地的邓氏山西犀(新种)Shansirhinus dengi sp.nov.及景东盆地的元谋无鼻角犀Acerorhinus yuanmouensis和无角犀亚科未定种Aceratheriinae gen.et sp.indet.。S.dengi sp.nov.的鼻骨前端上翘,有小的粗糙角座面;鼻切迹深,位于P4后缘水平;头骨顶面在眼眶前方迅速缩窄;两侧顶嵴间距离宽,骨面隆突;上颊齿前附尖和前尖肋发达,前臼齿舌侧齿带连续。S.dengi sp.nov.代表了山西犀属Shansirhinus内一个更为特化的类型,区别于其他种的特征主要是鼻骨更短,前端位于P3中部水平;眼眶位置在M1后半部,与鼻切迹之间的距离更近;上前臼齿的釉质复杂化表现为前刺更长,基部分叉突向外脊;上臼齿M1~M3的原尖舌侧壁发育釉质沟纹。产于禄丰盆地曾经描述归入Shansirhinus cf.S.ringstroemi的材料与新材料形态相同,归入该新种。巍山盆地产化石的红棕色砂砾岩和泥岩的沉积时代应该与禄丰盆地产煤地层时代相近或更晚,推测为晚中新世7~6 Ma左右。景东盆地上部红棕色砂砾岩和泥岩产状水平,其中发现的上颊齿材料的诸多特征与元谋盆地Acerorhinus yuanmouensis的上颊齿的特征相同,将其归入该种:前附尖和前尖肋发达,前刺非常长,小刺短小,前臼齿舌侧齿带发达,发育齿桥。A.yuanmouensis的发现表明,景东盆地该套红棕色地层的沉积时间可能与元谋盆地发现古猿动物群的地层相当,在晚中新世9~7 Ma左右。另一方面,景东盆地下部含煤地层倾向东北,与上部水平产状的红棕色砂砾岩和泥岩的接触关系为角度不整合,其中所产犀类上颊齿材料本文将其归入无角犀亚科,属种未定Aceratheriinae gen.et sp.indet.,地层时代也有待进一步确定。This study firstly introduces rhinoceros fossils produced from the Weishan and Jingdong basins of Hengduan Mountains,Yunnan Province,China.These two basins lie at north and south parts of Red River-Ailao Mountain fault zone,respectively.In eastern hillside of Weishan Basin,the Neogene sediments is outcropped.The strata are inclined southwest,with the degree decreased upward,and consist of the red-brown sandstone,mudstone and granules.Nearby Fengmuqiao Village(25°17′10″N,100°18′39″E),northeast of the Weishan County,a well-preserved skull with the articulated mandible was found from the red-brown mudstone and glutenite.This skull and mandible are assigned as a new species Shansirhinus dengi sp.nov.,with diagnosis:short nasal bone(89 mm),with a slightly upturned nasal bones at anterior extremity;nasal notch at level posterior part of P4;dorsal surface of skull narrowed sharply anterior to orbit;distance between parietal crests wide;upper cheek teeth(DP1~M3=225.3 mm)with developed parastyle and paracone rib,strong constriction of two lingual cusps,continuous lingual cingulum of upper premolars.Compared with Shansirhinus brancoi and Shansirhinus ringstroemi,Shansirhinus dengi sp.nov.represented a more advanced species within Shansirhinus:nasal bone is much shorter,anterior extremity at middle part of P3;nasal notch is at posterior edge of P4,very close to orbit;enamel fold of upper cheek teeth is exemplified by the multiplicated crochet;upper molars M2 and M3 have enamel wrinkle at lingual surface of the protocone.Materials of Shansirhinus from the Lufeng Basin of Yunnan Province,China,which is a famous hominoid locality,are similar to new materials in the enamel wrinkle and are referred to new species.We hence suggested that the stratum of red-brown mudstone and glutenite in the Weishan Basin of Hengduan Mountains are deposited during the Late Miocene,about 7~6 Ma,like that of the Lufeng Basin.The Cenozoic sediments were found in the east hillside of the Jingdong Basin,and two series are outcropped,and the

关 键 词：巍山盆地 景东盆地 云南 横断山 晚中新世 山西犀 无鼻角犀 

分 类 号：P534.62[天文地球—古生物学与地层学] Q915.877[天文地球—地质学]