榆社盆地晚新生代骆驼化石的修订及中国化石骆驼评述  

Revision of the Late Cenozoic camelids from the Yushe Basin,Shanxi,with comments on Chinese fossil camels

作　　者：刘文晖 侯素宽[3,4,5] 张晓晓 LIU Wenhui;HOU Sukuan;ZHANG Xiaoxiao(National Museum of China,Beijing 100006;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044;CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment,Beijing 100044;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Tianjin Natural History Museum,Tianjin 300201)

机构地区：[1]中国国家博物馆,北京100006 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京100044 [4]中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京100044 [5]中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院,北京100049 [6]天津自然博物馆,天津300201

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2023年第3期712-751,共40页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(批准号:2022YFF0903500);中国科学院(B类)战略性先导科技专项项目(批准号:XDB31000000);国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41872005);大连金普新区管理委员会资助项目“大连骆驼山第四纪脊椎动物化石综合研究”;中国科学院大学2016年度“博士研究生国际合作培养计划”项目共同资助。

摘　　要：本文是对榆社盆地(36°49′~37°26′N,112°42′~113°07′E)乃至中国骆驼化石的首次系统修订。20世纪30年代,德日进(Teilhard de Chardin)等报道了榆社盆地12个地点的17件骆驼化石,是渑池仰韶村不完整骨架之外中国最经典的骆驼材料。这些材料过去被错误归在榆社Ⅲ带(维拉方期真马层),误作为“巨副驼Paracamelus gigas”广为引用。本文根据榆社盆地的地层学研究成果,系统比较东半球其他地点性质比较明确的骆驼化石,对这批材料进行了重新研究,厘定了其分类位置,探讨了其产出层位。这批材料应分属邱氏副驼新种Paracamelus qiui sp.nov.、邱氏副驼(相似种)Paracamelus cf.qiui、阿氏副驼P.alexejevi、巨副驼P.gigas以及诺氏驼Camelus knoblochi等5种。邱氏副驼Paracamelus qiui是本次研究描述的新种,产于榆社马会组和高庄组桃阳段,属晚中新世,距今约6.1~5.2 Ma,相当于MN13。邱氏副驼P.qiui是非常原始的高大型骆驼,下颌长且低矮,下颌联合部长,p3未退化,前臼齿列发达,牙齿低冠或弱中冠,胫骨与距骨宽大扁薄,跖骨愈合程度低,显著有别于早更新世的P.gigas。黑海和亚速海沿岸早蓬蒂期的骆驼材料也被我们归入邱氏副驼P.qiui。除性质和时代不明的“赫尔松副驼P.khersonensis”外,邱氏副驼P.qiui是目前所见旧大陆最原始的骆驼。邱氏副驼(相似种)Paracamelus cf.qiui发现于榆社高庄组南庄沟段,距今4.9~4.2 Ma,其形态与邱氏副驼P.qiui相似,但前齿列已有所退化,可能代表一新种,但目前材料过少,有待将来更多材料证实。阿氏副驼P.alexejevi发现于榆社麻则沟组,距今3.6~3.0 Ma。阿氏副驼P.alexejevi是中等体型的副驼,体型较邱氏副驼P.qiui和巨副驼P.gigas小,但大于现生双峰驼Camelus bactrianus;其与邱氏副驼Paracamelus qiui和邱氏副驼(相似种)Paracamelus cf.qiui关系较近,下颌瘦长低矮,但p3已进一步退化,前臼齿列更加缩短,头后骨骼�Here we present the first revision of the fossil camels from the Yushe Basin(36°49′~37°26′N,112°42′~113°07′E).It is also the first revision of Chinese camels since 1937.In 1937 Teilhard de Chardin and Trassaert identified all the fossil camels from the Yushe Basin as a single species"Paracamelus gigas"while assigning them to the"YusheⅢzone"(the Equus beds,or the Villafranchian).Since then,their determination is widely accepted and P.gigas seems to become the only fossil record of the Camelidae in China earlier than the Middle Pleistocene,though various species of the genus Paracamelus have been described from Western Europe to Central Asia and through Eastern Europe.Based on the advances in the biostratigraphy of the Yushe Basin and the intercontinental biostratigraphic correlation scheme,we revise these classical samples systematically and present a new classification scheme now.Camel fossils from the Yushe Basin are reassigned to five species,Paracamelus qiui,Paracamelus cf.qiui,P.alexejevi,P.gigas,and Camelus knoblochi.Paracamelus qiui is a new species described by us.The species is erected on the mandible THP 12987 from Xiazhuang Village(Licent's Loc.11),Wuxiang County.One upper canine from Dongfangshan Village(Licent's Loc.33)and a distal end of a tibia,two astragali,and a complete metatarsal from Yinjiao Village(Licent's Loc.48)of Yushe County are assigned to the species.The species diagnosis of P.qiui included:(1)Tall and large size overall(comparable with P.longipes,a little larger than P.gigas and P.aguirrei,much larger than P.alexejevi,P.bessarabiensis,P.alutensis,P.praebactrianus,and P.trofimovi);(2)Long and narrow mandibular symphysis;(3)Long and lower mandibular body;(4)Developed premolar row(the ratio of p3~p4 length to p3~m3 length exceeds 27%,and p3~p4 length to m1~m3 length exceeds 36%in the old individuals);(5)Long p3(the ratio p3 length to p4 length exceeds 90%in the old individual);(6)Brachyodont or mild mesodont dentitions;(7)Tall,broad but thin tibia and astragalus;(8)Large met

关 键 词：晚中新世 巨副驼 邱氏副驼 阿氏副驼 诺氏驼 榆社盆地 骆驼化石 

分 类 号：P534.62[天文地球—古生物学与地层学] Q915.876[天文地球—地质学]