泥河湾盆地牛圈沟地点早更新世哺乳动物化石  

Early Pleistocene mammal fossils from Niujuangou locality,Nihewan Basin,Hebei Province

作　　者：陈曦[1,2] 杨淼燃 赵海龙 CHEN Xi;YANG Miaoran;ZHAO Hailong(Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu;State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,Jiangsu;Taiyuan Cultural Relics Protection Institute,Taiyuan 030000,Shanxi;College of History and Culture,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,Hebei)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学文物与博物馆系,江苏南京210023 [2]中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所,现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [3]太原市文物保护研究院,山西太原030000 [4]河北师范大学历史文化学院,河北石家庄050024

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2023年第3期763-776,共14页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(批准号:2020YFC1521500);中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所现代古生物学与地层学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(批准号:193105)共同资助。

摘　　要：牛圈沟地点位于泥河湾盆地岑家湾台地的北缘,化石埋藏在泥河湾组的河湖相堆积中,年代约1.4 Ma。2016年,在面积约2 m^(2)的化石透镜体内出土了123件哺乳动物化石。牛圈沟动物群的成员有:犬科未定种、猛犸象属未定种、马属未定种、泥河湾披毛犀、布氏真枝角鹿、中国羚羊、麝牛族未定种和古中华野牛,其中马属动物为优势类群。形态学研究显示,牛圈沟的真马体型中等、肢骨纤细,未见于泥河湾动物群(狭义);真枝角鹿与麋鹿下颌骨的主要区别在于前者颊齿较宽;另外,在泥河湾盆地首次发现了带完整颊齿列的麝牛族下颌骨。埋藏学分析表明,骨骼风化程度极浅,可能形成于同一次死亡事件;食肉动物消费和水流搬运是主要的埋藏因素,并由此导致了骨骼部位的保存偏差。牛圈沟地点的发现丰富了岑家湾台地的早更新世生物地层序列。The Niujuangou locality(NJG:40°14′3″N,114°40′5″E)is located at the northern edge of the Cenjiawan platform south of Sanggan River in Nihewan Basin.The exposed NJG sequence is 14.2 m thick,mainly composed of fluvio-lacustrine Nihewan Formation.The sequence is divided into 16 layers from top to bottom.The fossil layer(Layer 12)is 20 cm thick and consists mainly of fine sands.It is estimated to be 1.4 Ma by the regional stratigraphic correlation with the paleomagnetic dated sites.In 2016,123 mammal bones were unearthed from a 2-m^(2) fossil assemblage.In this paper,we report the morphologic and taphonomic results of NJG fauna.The NJG fauna consists the following taxa:Canidae gen.et sp.indet.,Mammuthus sp.,Equus sp.,Coelodonta nihowanensis,Eucladoceros boulei,Gazella sinensis,Ovibovini gen.et sp.indet.and Bison palaeosinensis.The Equus sp.is the dominant taxon in NJG,accounting for 68.8%of the NISP.In morphology,(1)Equus sp.is of medium size with very slender metapodials;(2)the Eucladoceros differs from Elaphurus for the much wider lower cheek teeth;(3)the mandible of Ovibovini represents the best material of this taxon in Nihewan Basin.NJG fauna shares the same taxa with Shanshenmiaozui fauna and Shigou fauna,however different from Nihewan fauna(sensu stricto)because of the characteristics of Equus.The taphonomic analysis shows that:(1)The skeletal part profile is significantly biased since the meaty elements are quite less represented and the skulls are absent;(2)The weathering is very weak,as most of the specimens are out of weathering(n=109,88.6%);(3)Carnivore tooth marks,such as pits,scores,and scars,are highly presented(n=47,38.2%);(4)The orientations of long bones are concentrated,however,water erosions are few(n=4,3.3%);(5)One possible cut mark is identified.The synthesis of taphonomic characters suggests that the animals perhaps died in a single event,were heavily consumed by the carnivores,and were finally transported to the site by the water flow.

关 键 词：泥河湾动物群 纤细型真马 真枝角鹿 麝牛族 化石埋藏学 

分 类 号：P534.631[天文地球—第四纪地质学] Q959.87[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]