拜登政府重振本土制造业:进展与评估  

Reshoring Manufacturing under the Biden Administration:Progress and Assessment

作　　者：吴泽林 尚修丞 Wu Zelin;Shang Xiucheng

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院国际问题研究所

出　　处：《现代国际关系》2023年第4期79-98,151,共21页

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“美欧新一轮全球基础设施投资计划对共建‘一带一路’影响的比较研究”(项目编号:22CGJ041)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：为重塑竞争优势、重建中产阶级、保障供应链安全,拜登政府将重振本土制造业作为重要议题,并采取一系列举措,包括以产业政策塑造整个生态系统、以政府工具发挥示范引导作用、以机构优化增强政府执行能力、以“友岸”和“近岸”作为重要支撑等。这些措施已产生一定的成效,吸引了全球半导体、新能源汽车及动力电池等先进制造企业赴美投资,掀起了一大波建设浪潮。不过,鉴于产业政策在执行层面的问题、政府采购的引导作用有限、项目进展受阻、制造业工人短缺等挑战,拜登政府要想重振美国制造业并非易事。Since the Biden administration took office,in order to reshape competitive advantage,rebuild the middle class,and ensure supply chain,it has taken the reshape of domestic manufacturing as an important issue and adopted measures,including shaping the entire ecosystem with industrial policies,using the guiding role of government tools,promoting government execution capabilities through institutional reform,and regarding friend-shoring and inshoring as important supplement.These measures have produced positive results,attracting global semiconductor,EV and large capacity batteries,clean energy and other advanced manufacturing companies to invest in the US,setting off a wave of construction.However,due to challenges in the implementation of industrial policies,limited guiding role of government procurement,hindered project progress,and shortage of manufacturing workers,it will not be easy for the Biden administration to reshape the US manufacturing industry.

关 键 词：产业政策 制造业 芯片与科学法 削减通货膨胀法 

分 类 号：F471.2[经济管理—产业经济] D771.2[政治法律—政治学]