“公平”价值几何?——当代中国城市夫妻离婚财产分配的公平逻辑  

How to Value Fairness?The Logic of Equitable Property Division in Divorce in Urban China

作　　者：沈奕斐[1] 商建刚 Shen Yifei;Shang Jiangang

机构地区：[1]复旦大学社会发展与公共政策学院 [2]上海政法学院经济法学院

出　　处：《社会学研究》2023年第3期135-158,M0006,共25页Sociological Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“社会转型期中国城市家庭共有财产制度研究”的成果(项目批准号:11YJC840044)。

摘　　要：离婚财产分配的公平逻辑对夫妻在婚姻存续期和离异后的行为都有重要影响,而法律制度与民间实践中的公平逻辑既相互依赖又有差异。本文从民间的观念认识来探讨这一问题。通过焦点小组、访谈和问卷调查,本文描述和分析了人们理想中的离婚财产分配的公平逻辑,以潜类别分析总结出四种公平逻辑:财产来源的时点原则、平均原则、照顾女性弱势的性别原则和个体自由主义式的应得原则。文章也对比了民间的家庭正义观和法律的公平权利观,从而更为全面地呈现对这一问题的解读。The logic of equitable property division in divorce has important implications for the behavior of couples both during marriage and after divorce,and the logic of equity in the legal system and in folk practice is both interdependent and different.More studies have focused on the concept of fairness in legal changes,but few has explored this issue from the folk dimension,that is,people's common-sense perceptions.Through focus groups,interviews,and quantitative surveys,this paper describes and analyzes people's ideal logic of fairness in divorce property distribution and summarizes four logics of fairness through a latent category approach:the principle of property attributes based on different points in time,the principle of averaging,the gender principle of accommodating women,and the principle of individual liberal-style entitlement.The paper also contrasts the folk view of family justice with the legal view of equitable rights,thus presenting a more comprehensive interpretation of this issue.

关 键 词：离婚 财产分配 公平观 家庭正义 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学] C913.1[政治法律—法学]