违法建筑行政裁判中信赖保护原则之适用——以308份裁判文书为考察对象  

On the Principle of Trust Protection in Administrative Judgmentof Illegal Buildings:A Study of 308 Judicial Documents

作　　者：戚建刚 王兆鑫 QI Jian-gang;WANG Zhao-xin

机构地区：[1]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地中南财经政法大学知识产权研究中心,武汉430073 [2]教育部创新团队中南财经政法大学法治发展与司法改革研究中心 [3]中南财经政法大学法学院 [4]中南财经政法大学应急法学研究所

出　　处：《华侨大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第3期126-138,共13页Journal of Huaqiao University(Philosophy & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“总体国家安全观下产业知识产权风险治理现代化研究”(21&ZD203)。

摘　　要：运用统计方法,以结构化形式对涉及违法建筑信赖保护原则的308份行政裁判文书加以分析发现:66%案由是因相对人不服行政机关对违法建筑所作的行政决定;行政相对人主动援引信赖保护原则作为诉求理由的有219份。就裁判结果而言,行政相对人援引并且法院采纳的有23份,行政相对人没有援引但法院主动适用并据此裁判的有39份;就理由叙明而言,法院适用或不适用信赖保护原则需要权衡多种因素。围绕典型案例,违法建筑信赖保护原则司法适用的焦点问题主要是:未取得许可证是否可以直接认定涉案建筑违法并予以无偿拆除;法院直接适用信赖保护原则时如何进行充分说理;法院适用信赖保护原则如何进行利益衡量。司法实践的启示在于,若要实现信赖保护原则制度化,需要对违法建筑作形式违法和实质违法之区分;完善违法建筑信赖利益行政补偿制度;优化违法建筑信赖保护司法审查规则;健全违法建筑信赖利益保护程序规定。Using statistical methods,a structured analysis of 308 administrative judgment documents related to the principle of trust protection for illegal buildings was conducted.It was found that 66%of the causes of the case were due to the opposing party’s dissatisfaction with the administrative decisions made by the administrative agency regarding illegal buildings;219 administrative counterparts actively invoked the principle of trust protection as a reason for appeal.In terms of the judgment results,23 were cited by the administrative counterpart and adopted by the court,while 39 cases were not cited by the administrative counterpart but voluntarily applied by the court and made judgments based on it;In terms of justification,courts need to weigh multiple factors when applying or not applying the principle of trust protection.The main issues in the judicial application of the principle of trust protection for illegal buildings in typical cases are:whether it is possible for the construction involved to be directly recognized as illegal without obtaining a permit and demolish it without compensation;how to provide sufficient reasoning when the court directly applies the principle of trust protection;how to weigh the interests of the court when applying the principle of trust protection.The inspiration from judicial practice is that in order to institutionalize the principle of trust protection,it is necessary to distinguish between formal illegality and substantive illegality in illegal buildings,and improve the administrative compensation system for trust interests in illegal buildings,optimize judicial review rules for trust protection of illegal buildings,and improve the procedures for protecting the trust interests of illegal buildings.

关 键 词：违法建筑 行政裁判 信赖保护原则 信赖利益 

分 类 号：D912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]