轨道车辆空调送风系统噪声振动传递分析  

Noise and vibration transmission of air supply system of rail vehicle air conditions

作　　者：李鹏 储成龙 蒲栋 张从慧 刘渠海 张汉青 李盈利 LI Peng;CHU Chenglong;PU Dong;ZHANG Conghui;LIU Quhai;ZHANG Hanqing;LI Yingli(CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266111,China;Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education,School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司,山东青岛266111 [2]中南大学交通运输工程学院,轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2023年第5期1833-1845,共13页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司技术委托开发项目(SF/JS-华字-2021-277)。

摘　　要：随着轨道交通的快速发展,噪声逐渐成为考察列车乘坐舒适性的一项重要指标。作为轨道车辆静止时的主要噪声源,空调送风系统产生的噪声会深刻影响乘客的舒适性体验,控制其噪声水平意义重大。传递路径分析可以评价分析激励点到响应点每条路径的贡献量,从而得到减弱噪声振动危害的方法。为了降低轨道车辆空调机组运行时通过风道传递到客车室内的噪声,对轨道车辆空调送风系统进行噪声振动传递路径的试验和仿真研究。首先,采用现场传递路径分析试验技术,获取其声/振能量传递的详细数据,并基于工况传递路径分析法(OTPA)对各传递路径的贡献量进行初步分析。随后,基于统计能量分析法(SEA)对空调送风系统噪声进行仿真分析,利用试验数据对仿真模型进行修正,验证仿真的有效性。最后,使用修正后的仿真模型探讨送风过程中空气噪声和机械结构振动噪声的产生及在客室内的传播规律。研究结果表明:客室噪声声压级峰值集中在315~1 000 Hz左右的中低频段;空气声是列车客室噪声的主要来源;空气振动是列车客室地板振动的主要来源;噪声激励源按对中部客室的噪声贡献率从大到小排行,依次为送风口,废排口,空调蒸发腔,回风口,空调冷却腔。研究工作可为轨道车辆空调送风系统的减振降噪优化提供参考依据。Noise has gradually become an important index of the train ride comfort,as the rail transit developing rapidly.As the main noise source of railway vehicles at rest,the noise generated by air conditioning system will profoundly affect passengers’comfort experience,so it’s crucial to execute noise control.The contribution of each path from the excitation point to the response point can be evaluated and analyzed by transfer path analysis,which is beneficial to acquire the method to reduce the harm of noise and vibration.For the purpose of reducing the noise transmitted to the passenger room through the air duct during the operation of air conditionings of rail vehicles,the investigation on the noise and vibration transfer path for the air supply system of rail vehicle air conditionings was conducted with simulation and experiments in this paper.Firstly,the transfer path analysis test technology was adopted to obtain the detailed data of sound/vibration in the progress of energy transfer.The contribution of each noise source was preliminarily analyzed with the operational transfer path analysis(OTPA).Then,the simulation analysis of air condition air supply system was performed based on statistical energy analysis(SEA).The simulation model was modified and verified with the experimental data.Finally,utilizing the modified simulation model,the generation and propagation of air noise and vibration noise of mechanics in the process of air supply were discussed.The results indicate that the peak value of sound pressure level of passenger room noise is concentrated in the middle and low frequency band of about 315~1000 Hz.Air noise is the main source of the noise of passenger room.Air vibration is the main source of the vibration of passenger room.Noise excitation sources rank from large to small according to the noise contribution rate to the middle passenger room,which are air supply outlet,waste outlet,air conditioning evaporation chamber,return air inlet and air conditioning cooling chamber.The work can provide gui

关 键 词：轨道车辆 空调送风系统 噪声振动 传递路径 贡献率 

分 类 号：U270.383[机械工程—车辆工程]