氮肥用量对春小麦农艺性状和产量的影响及作用机理  

Effects and Mechanism of Nitrogen Application on the Agronomic Characters and Yield of Spring Wheat

作　　者：代丽婷 车京玉[1] 范冬梅 刘宁涛[1] 张起昌[1] 田超[1] 尹雪巍 DAI Liting;CHE Jingyu;FAN Dongmei;LIU Ningtao;ZHANG Qichang;TIAN Chao;YIN Xuewei(Keshan Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar 161000,China;Qiqihar City Longsha District Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center,Qiqihar 161005,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院克山分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161000 [2]齐齐哈尔市龙沙区农业综合服务中心,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161005

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2023年第6期6-11,18,共7页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家小麦产业技术体系克山综合试验站(CARS-03-54);黑龙江省现代农业产业技术小麦协同创新推广体系;齐齐哈尔市科技计划创新激励项目(CNYGG-2022023);黑龙江省农业科学院克山分院2023年度先导项目(XDYBC2023-02)。

摘　　要：为促进小麦品种克春130290大面积增产并推广种植,提高肥料利用率,通过田间试验,测定了7个施肥水平下春小麦的农艺性状、产量及产量构成要素,并进行相关分析研究施氮量对春小麦农艺性状和产量的影响及其作用机理。结果表明,当纯氮施用量为75 kg·hm^(-2)时春小麦株高和茎数达到较大值,继续增加施氮量两者增加不大甚至反而降低;在施氮量0~90 kg·hm^(-2)范围内穗长、不孕小穗数、小穗数和容重变化不显著。当纯氮施用量为67 kg·hm^(-2)时,产量最高,为5791.67 kg·hm^(-2),继续增施氮肥产量却降低,但降低幅度不显著;各处理穗粒数差异不显著,有效穗数和千粒重差异显著,当施氮量为75 kg·hm^(-2)时春小麦有效穗数最高,为714.67万穗·hm^(-2),当施氮量为67 kg·hm^(-2)时千粒重最高,为34.13 g。不同施氮水平下春小麦株高与产量呈极显著正相关关系,有效穗数与产量呈显著正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.82和0.54,两者对产量有促进作用,其他农艺性状及产量构成要素与产量相关性不显著。综上表明,本试验条件下,考虑到减小氮肥施用给环境带来的压力,春小麦品种克春130290在黑龙江省克山县适宜的施氮量为67~75 kg·hm^(-2)。In order to promote the widespread increase in yield and cultivation of the Kechun 130290 wheat variety,as well as to improve fertilizer efficiency,field experiments were conducted to determine the agronomic traits,yield,and yield components of spring wheat under seven fertilization levels.Correlation analysis was performed to study the effects of nitrogen application on the agronomic traits and yield of spring wheat,as well as the underlying mechanisms.The results showed that plant height and number of stems reached large values when N was applied at 75 kg·ha^(-1),while the increase in N application did not increase them much but even decreased them;Changes in ear length,sterile spike number,spike number and volume weight were not significant when N were applied at 0-90 kg·ha^(-1).The highest yield of 5791.67 kg·ha^(-1) was achieved at 67 kg·ha^(-1) of pure N,but the yield decreased with additional N fertilizer,which was not significant;The differences in spike grain number were not significant and the differences spike number and 1000-grain weight were significant,with the highest spike number of 7146700 spikes·ha^(-1) at 75 kg·ha^(-1) of N,with the highest 1000-grain weight of 34.13 g at 67 kg·ha^(-1) of N.Plant height was highly positively correlated with yield,and spike number was positively correlated with yield,with correlation coefficients of 0.82 and 0.54 respectively,both of which contributed to yield.The correlations between the other agronomic characters and yield components were not significant.In summary,the appropriate N application rate for this spring wheat variety Kechun 130290 in Keshan County of Heilongjiang Province is 67-75 kg·ha^(-1) under the conditions of this experiment,taking into account relieving the environmental stress caused by N fertilizer application.

关 键 词：春小麦 氮肥 农艺性状 产量 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学]