社区老年人膳食多样化与营养状态的相关性  

Relationship between dietary diversity and nutritional status in community-dwelling older adults

作　　者：王芳[1,2] 陈斯杪 钱丹萍 黄峰 朱鹏立[1] WANG Fang;CHEN Simiao;QIAN Danping;HUANG Feng;ZHU Pengli(Department of Geriatric Medicine,Fujian Provincial Hospital,The Shengli Clinical Medical College,Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou 350001,China;Department of Nursing,Fujian Health College,Fuzhou 350101,China;Class 2019,Department of Clinical Medicine,Xiamen Medical College,Xiamen 361023,China)

机构地区：[1]福建医科大学省立临床医学院,福建省立医院老年科,福州350001 [2]福建卫生职业技术学院护理学院,福州350101 [3]厦门医学院临床医学系,福建厦门361023

出　　处：《中国医科大学学报》2023年第5期434-437,464,共5页Journal of China Medical University

基　　金：福建省科技创新联合资金项目(2019Y9027)。

摘　　要：目的调查社区老年人日常膳食结构和营养状况,探讨社区老年人膳食多样化与营养状态的相关性。方法采用面对面横断面调查方式,调查2020年5月至2021年11月福州市温泉社区1971名老年居民的膳食结构及营养状况。以粗粮、蔬菜、水果、肉类和家禽、水产品、大豆和坚果、鸡蛋、牛奶和乳制品8个食物品种构建膳食多样化评分(DDS)。采用微营养评估简表(MNASF)评分评估老人的营养状态。采用Spearman相关分析老人营养状态和膳食多样化的关系;采用二元logistic回归分析各种膳食对老人营养状态的影响。结果具有营养不良风险及营养不良老年人共434名(22.0%),DDS为(4.68±1.69)分。与营养良好组比较,营养不良组蔬菜类、畜肉类、鱼虾类摄入频率以及DDS显著降低(均P<0.05)。DDS低分组营养不良风险及营养不良比例(24.5%)高于DDS高分组(20.0%,P<0.05)。老年人MNA-SF评分与DDS呈负相关(P<0.01);DDS每增加1分,老年人营养不良风险及营养不良比例下降10%。二元logistic回归结果显示畜肉类和海鲜类摄入与老人营养不良风险及营养不良呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论畜肉类、鱼虾类膳食摄入不足与老年人营养不良风险及营养不良相关。社区老年人保持膳食多样化,增加畜肉类、鱼虾类膳食摄入可降低营养不良发生的风险。Objective To investigate the relationship between dietary diversity and nutritional status among community-dwelling older adults.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2020 to November 2021,involving 1971 older adults living in Wenquan community,Fuzhou city.Dietary diversity score(DDS)was calculated based on eight food categories,that included whole grains,vegetables,fruits,livestock,seafoods,soy products/nuts,eggs,and dairy products.Nutritional status was evaluated using the minimal nutritional assessment-short form(MNA-SF).Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between dietary diversity and nutritional status.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of different diets on nutritional status.Results Overall,434 participants(22.0%)were at a risk of malnutrition or were diagnosed with malnutrition.The average DDS among these participants was 4.68±1.69.Compared to participants with good nutritional status,those with poor nutritional status had a significantly lower intake frequency of vegetables,livestock,fish,and shrimps,and also,a lower DDS(P<0.05).Participants with low DDS had a higher malnutrition risk(24.5%)than those with high DDS(20.0%,P<0.05).The MNA-SF score was negatively correlated with DDS(P<0.01).For every 1%increase in DDS,the malnutrition risk among older adults decreased by 10%.Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that the livestock and seafood intake frequencies were negatively correlated with the risk of malnutrition or malnutrition among older adults(P<0.05).Conclusion Low intake of livestock,fish,and shrimps correlated with malnutrition risk or malnutrition among community-dwelling older adults.Maintaining a diversified diet with a high intake frequency of livestock,fish,and shrimps would lower their risk of malnutrition.

关 键 词：老年人 营养状况 膳食多样性 相关性 

分 类 号：R459.3[医药卫生—治疗学]