长期稻虾共作模式下氮肥运筹对直播水稻养分吸收和产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Direct-Seeding Rice under Long-Term Integrated Rice-Crayfish Model

作　　者：彭成林[1] 佀国涵[1] 赵书军[1] 袁家富[1] 吕洪九 徐祥玉[1] 徐大兵[1] 谢媛圆 周剑雄 PENG Chenglin;SI Guohan;ZHAO Shujun;YUAN Jiafu;LÜHongjiu;XU Xiangyu;XU Dabing;XIE Yuanyuan;ZHOU Jianxiong(Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizers,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality of Hongshan,Wuhan 430064,China;Agricultural Office of Houhu Management District of Qianjiang City,ianjiang 433199,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所/国家土壤质量洪山观测实验站,湖北武汉430064 [2]潜江市后湖管理区农业办公室,湖北潜江433199

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2023年第5期9-16,共8页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划项目(2021BBA075,2022BBA0044);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901204)。

摘　　要：以水稻单作模式为对照,研究长期稻虾共作模式下不同氮肥运筹处理(氮基肥分别占50%、40%、30%、20%、0及不施氮肥)对直播水稻养分吸收和产量的影响,为稻虾共作模式下水稻的高产、优质、高效、生态栽培提供技术支撑。结果表明,长期稻虾共作模式下氮基肥比例为20%和0、水稻单作模式下氮基肥比例为30%和20%,均有利于水稻对氮、磷、钾的吸收;在相同氮肥运筹方式下,稻虾共作模式较水稻单作模式能大幅促进水稻对氮、磷、钾的吸收。长期稻虾共作模式下氮基肥比例降至20%及以下,水稻单作模式下氮基肥比例降至30%及以下时,水稻产量显著高于其他处理,且主要是通过有效穗数和结实率的增加来实现的;长期稻虾共作模式的水稻产量较水稻单作模式提高,平均提高11.1%,主要是通过有效穗数的增加来实现的。随氮基肥比例的下降,2种模式下水稻氮肥偏生产力、农学效率、表观利用率、贡献率总体与产量变化趋势一致;长期稻虾共作模式较水稻单作模式能较大幅度提高氮肥偏生产力和氮肥表观利用率,平均提高9.5%、21.3%,但降低氮肥农学效率和氮肥贡献率。综上,长期稻虾共作模式下推荐氮基肥比例为20%和0。In order to provide technical support for the high-yield,high-quality,high-efficiency and ecological cultivation of rice under long-term integrated rice-crayfish model,a field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different nitrogen managements(base nitrogen accounted for 50%,40%,30%,20%,0 and no nitrogen fertilizer,respectively)on the nutrient uptake and yield of direct-seeding rice under long-term integrated rice-crayfish model with rice monoculture model as control.The results showed that the 20% and 0 treatments under the long-term integrated rice-crayfish model,and 30% and20% treatments under the rice monoculture model,were good for nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium absorption of rice.Under the same nitrogen fertilizer management,the long-term integrated rice-crayfish model could promote the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium compared with the rice monoculture model.The rice yields of 20% and 0 treatments were significantly higher than the other treatments under the long-term integrated rice-crayfish model,and those of 30%,20% and 0 treatments were significantly higher than the other treatments under the rice monoculture model,which were mainly achieved by increasing the effective panicle number and seed setting rate.The rice yield under the long-term rice-crayfish co-cropping mode increased by 11.1% on average compared with that under the rice monoculture model,which was mainly achieved by increasing the effective panicle number.With the decrease of the ratio of base nitrogen,the same trend as rice yield was found in nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity,agronomic efficiency,apparent utilization efficiency and contribution rate under the two models.Compared with the rice monoculture model,the long-term integrated rice-crayfish model greatly increased partial productivity and apparent utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer by 9.5% and21.3% respectively,but decreased the agronomic efficiency and contribution rate of nitrogen fertilizer.In summary,the recommended ratios of b

关 键 词：稻虾共作模式 氮肥运筹 直播稻 养分吸收 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]