秸秆还田与轮耕对双季稻土壤物理特性及碳氮含量的影响  

Effects of Straw Returning and Rotating Tillage on Soil Physical Characteristics and Carbon and Nitrogen Content in Double-Cropping Paddy Field

作　　者：熊瑞 张玮 钟康裕[1,2] 周文涛 欧茜 王泓睿 龙攀 徐莹[1,2] 傅志强 XIONG Rui;ZHANG Wei;ZHONG Kangyu;ZHOU Wentao;OU Xi;WANG Hongrui;LONG Pan;XU Ying;FU Zhiqiang(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology,Ministry of Education Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]作物生理与分子生物学教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2023年第5期81-90,共10页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金面上项目(2021JJ30319);湖南省教育厅重点科研项目(20A256)。

摘　　要：为探究在双季稻地区周年内采用秸秆还田与轮耕模式对土壤物理特性及碳氮含量的影响,在湖南浏阳设置4个处理:秸秆还田早稻旋耕晚稻翻耕(RTS)、秸秆还田早稻旋耕晚稻免耕(RNS)、秸秆不还田早稻旋耕晚稻翻耕(RT)、秸秆不还田早稻旋耕晚稻免耕(RN)。结果表明,各处理土壤团聚体粒径分布及各粒径团聚体碳氮贡献率以0.25~2 mm为主。晚稻采用免耕处理明显提高土壤容重,而早稻旋耕减轻了上年晚稻免耕对土壤容重的影响。秸秆还田相比秸秆不还田提高了各处理早、晚稻0~20 cm土壤大团聚体(>0.25 mm)质量分数2.49%~12.72%、平均质量直径(MWD)1.23%~12.34%、土壤有机碳(SOC)含量8.46%~36.70%、全氮(TN)含量8.96%~81.25%。晚稻采用不同耕作方式后,>0.25 mm团聚体质量分数明显提高,且晚稻采用免耕较翻耕更能提高10~20 cm土层>0.25 mm团聚体质量分数。与其他处理相比,RNS处理0~20 cm土层大团聚体质量分数与SOC含量分别提高了1.87%~21.67%、5.76%~19.36%。因此,采用秸秆还田早稻旋耕晚稻免耕有利于保持土壤的团聚体稳定性,提高土壤SOC含量。In order to explore the effects of straw returning and rotating tillage on soil physical properties,carbon and nitrogen in double-cropping rice area,we set four different tillage modes,including rotary tillage for early rice and turning tillage for late rice with straw returning(RTS),rotary tillage for early rice and no tillage for late rice with straw returning(RNS),rotary tillage for early rice and turning tillage for late rice without straw returning(RT),rotary tillage for early rice and no tillage for late rice without straw returning(RN)in Liuyang City,Hunan Province.The results showed that the particle size distribution and carbon and nitrogen contribution rate of soil aggregates were dominated by 0.25-2 mm in each treatment.Soil bulk density under no-tillage for late rice was higher than that under rotation tillage for early rice,the rotary tillage of early rice reduced the soil bulk density of no-tillage late rice last year.Compared with no straw returning,straw returning increased the stability of soil aggregates(0-20 cm soil layer),and the concentration of large aggregates(>0.25 mm),mean weight diameter(MWD),soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN)were increased by 2.49%-12.72%,1.23%-12.34%,8.46%-36.70%,8.96%-81.25%,respectively.After using different tillage methods for late rice,the concentration of 0.25 mm aggregates was significantly increased.And no tillage could improve the aggregate concentration(0.25 mm)more than that of turning tillage in 10-20 cm soil layer.Compared with other treatments,the concentration of large aggregates and organic carbon content in 0-20 cm soil layer under RNS increased by 1.87%-21.67% and 5.76%-19.36%,respectively.Therefore,RNS is helpful to maintain soil aggregate stability and increase soil organic carbon content.

关 键 词：双季稻 秸秆还田 轮耕 土壤容重 团聚体稳定性 土壤碳氮 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]