起爆顺序对露天台阶爆破效果影响的数值模拟及现场试验  

Numerical simulation and field test on influence of blasting sequence on open-pit bench blasting effect

作　　者：段继超 宗琦[1] 汪海波[1] 杨俊 王凡繁 马亚 DUAN Jichao;ZONG Qi;WANG Haibo;YANG Jun;WANG Fanfan;MA Ya(College of Civil Architecture,Anhui University of Science&Technology,Huainan Anhui 232001,China;Wuhu Conch Cement Co.,Ltd.,Wuhu Anhui 241200,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学土木建筑学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]芜湖海螺水泥有限公司,安徽芜湖241200

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2023年第5期109-116,共8页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52074009)。

摘　　要：为解决露天矿山大规模开采过程中炸药单耗量高、岩石破碎块度大等问题。采用LS-DYNA有限元软件对不同起爆顺序的台阶爆破进行数值模拟研究,结合现场爆破特点制定试验方案,采集爆破振动数据,分析爆堆岩石块度。研究结果表明:对于靠近厂区和边坡的爆破区域,逐孔起爆可以有效降低爆破振动;对于开矿的采区,优先采用波浪式顺序起爆;相同孔网参数下,波浪式起爆较逐孔起爆爆堆碎石通过率提高11.68%;孔网参数增加至3 m×7 m,波浪式起爆爆堆碎石通过率较对照试验下降1.19%,而崩落矿量提高16.8%,单孔炸药单耗降低14.4%;波浪式起爆能够减少岩石二次破碎、降低综合成本。研究结果可为起爆网络选取和提高爆破效果提供指导。To solve the problems of high consumption of explosives and large degree of rock fragmentation in the process of large-scale mining of open pit mines.LS-DYNA finite element software is used to study the numerical simulation of step blasting with different initiation orders.The test scheme was formulated according to the characteristics of field blasting,then the blasting vibration data was collected,and the rock fragmentation of the blasting pile was analyzed.The results showed that for the blasting areas near the plant and the slope,the blasting vibration could be effectively reduced by the hole-by-hole blasting.For the mining area of the mine,the wave-type sequential blasting was preferred.Under the same hole network parameters,the passing rate of blasting pile gravel by the wave-type blasting increased by 11.68%than that by the hole-by-hole blasting.When the hole network parameter increased to 3 m×7 m,the passing rate of blasting pile gravel by the wave-type blasting decreased by 1.19%compared with the control test,while the amount of caved ore increased by 16.8%,and the unit consumption of single hole explosive decreased by 14.4%.The wave-type blasting could reduce the secondary rock crushing and reduce the comprehensive cost.The results can provide guidance for the selection of blasting network and the improvement of blasting effect.

关 键 词：露天矿山 台阶爆破 起爆顺序 数值模拟 块度分析 

分 类 号：X936[环境科学与工程—安全科学]