论我国个人破产制度的构建  

On the Construction of China’s Personal Bankruptcy System

作　　者：杨勤法[1] 马啸宇 YANG Qinfa;MA Xiaoyu

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学,上海200042

出　　处：《上海市经济管理干部学院学报》2023年第3期49-56,共8页Journal of Shanghai Economic Management College

摘　　要：个人破产制度的构建必须围绕立法机理、债务免责、债务清理三个维度展开,个人破产制度的立法理念要以社会整体利益为重同时兼顾对债务人的人道救济的考量,积极寻求与债务人的合作。而债务免除的范围边界是个人破产制度能否真正发挥实效、能否为个体经济提供有效退出机制的关键,同时也是破产申请人最为关切的实体内容。对于不予免除的债务类型要作否定性列举式安排外,不属于否定性列举范围的债务应当尽可能地允许免除,这是各国在衡量个人破产制度时达成的共识。法庭内外债务清理相结合的纠纷解决机制,为保障个人破产制度有法可依、有章可循在操作层面提供指引。除此之外,个人破产制度的构建要注重与我国现行的企业破产制度的接洽,从而最大限度地降低立法成本,为个体经济、私营经济注入崭新的活力。The construction of the personal bankruptcy system must focus on the three dimensions of legislative mechanism,debt exemption,and debt liquidation.The legislative concept of the personal bankruptcy system must focus on the overall interests of society while taking into account the humanitarian relief of the debtor,and actively seek cooperation with the debtor.The scope of debt forgiveness is the key to whether the personal bankruptcy system can really exert its effectiveness and whether it can provide an effective exit mechanism for the individual economy.It is also the entity content that bankrupt applicants are most concerned about.In addition to the negative enumeration arrangement for the types of debts that are not exempted,debts that do not fall into the scope of the negative enumeration should be allowed to be exempted as much as possible.This is the consensus reached by various countries when weighing the personal bankruptcy system.The dispute resolution mechanism that combines debt liquidation inside and outside the court provides guidance at the operational level to ensure that the personal bankruptcy system has laws to follow and rules to follow.In addition,the construction of the personal bankruptcy system should pay attention to contact with china’s current corporate bankruptcy system,so as to minimize the cost of legislation and inject new vitality into the individual economy and the private economy.

关 键 词：个人破产 个人破产制度 债务免责 债务清理 

分 类 号：D922.291.92[政治法律—经济法学]