电磁场理论及其教学中的11个问题  

Eleven Problems in Electromagnetic Field Theory and Its Teaching

作　　者：雷银照[1] Lei Yinzhao(School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University,Beijing 100191 China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学自动化科学与电气工程学院,北京100191

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2023年第11期3084-3093,共10页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51077002)。

摘　　要：在电磁场理论的研究和教学中,经常遇到许多疑难问题。基于电磁场理论和史料,有些问题得到了解决,有些问题至今不知道答案。本文叙述对11个疑难问题的思考,所得结论是:麦克斯韦名著的中文书名可译为《电学与磁学专论》;英语术语vector应译为矢量;表示极化率和磁化率的第22个小写希腊字母χ应读为汉语拼音kai;在采用国际单位制的教材中电流无须定义;电动势符号E和ε为大写拉丁字母E的书写体;从法拉第定律出发可以直接证明时变电磁场中磁通密度的散度为零;由能量守恒定律无法推导出坡印亭定理;在时变电磁场中,铁磁材料内的涡流损耗、电场损耗、磁滞损耗和剩余损耗可以直接相加;用于描述横波的传播特性时,英语术语polarization应译为偏振;超导体不是理想导体;电磁场教材应包含狭义相对论内容。The World War Ⅱ has completely changed the higher electrical engineering education in many countries such as the United States,Western Europe,Japan and the Soviet Union.Those electrical engineering educators in the United States who participated in the war found that the electrical technologies including radar,microwave,pulse technology,control system and navigation system that had achieved rapid development in the war were invented not by electrical engineers,but mainly by scientists who temporarily changed from physicists to engineers.Using the basic knowledge mastered by electrical engineers could not understand these new concepts,let alone develop these new technologies.After World War Ⅱ,many pre-war courses of electrical engineering were replaced by basic theoretical courses such as physics and mathematics.In this context,the class hour and content of electromagnetic field course have been increased.From 1952 to 1961,the textbook of the Soviet Union is widely used in the electrical engineering majors of Chinese universities.In 1961,two textbooks on electromagnetic fields written by the Chinese were published successively.After 1979,electrical engineering majors in Chinese universities have generally set up a separate course on electromagnetic field.Today,the course of electromagnetic field has become a compulsory technical basic course for undergraduate majors in electrical engineering and electronic information in China.In the research and teaching of electromagnetic field theory,many difficult problems are often encountered.Among them,some are still unknown in electromagnetic field theory,some were generated when they were translated into Chinese,and some are caused by different understanding of electromagnetic field course.In order to solve these problems,the author based on electromagnetic field theory and historical data,after research,some problems have been solved,while others have not been answered yet.This article describes the opinions on 11 difficult problems,and the conclusions are as follows

关 键 词：电磁场 理论 教学 教材 问题 思考 

分 类 号：TM1[电气工程—电工理论与新技术]