城市绿化树种银杏的蒸散特征和土壤水分状况  

Evapotranspiration Characteristics and Soil Moisture Conditions of Ginkgo Biloba in Urban Gardens

作　　者：马靖涵 穆艳 Ma Jinghan;Mu Yan(College of Landscape Architecture and Arts,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Shaanxi Province Institute of Water Resources and Electric Power Investigation and Design,Yangling,Shaanxi 710001,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学风景园林艺术学院,陕西杨陵712100 [2]陕西省水利电力勘测设计研究院,陕西西安710001

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2023年第2期69-76,86,共9页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“城市景观植被蒸散分割及生态需水量模拟”(41877014)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究关中地区城市园林绿地0—300 cm土壤含水量的变化特征,探究园林绿地的蒸散发及其组分的变化特征,为城市园林绿化的高效水分管理提供科学依据。[方法]以常见的绿化树种银杏为例,通过中子仪测定以银杏为主景树的园林绿地的土壤水分,2020年采用热扩散探针法(TDP)分别对24 a和29 a银杏树干液流速率进行定位监测,结合微型蒸发皿测定银杏棵间土壤蒸发量,计算银杏园林的蒸散发及其组分占比。[结果]两处绿地0—300 cm土壤含水量的变异程度为中度变异。24 a银杏蒸散量的变化范围为0.24~9.06 mm/d,蒸腾所占比例变化范围为51.77%~71.92%;29 a银杏蒸散量的变化范围为0.46~19.76 mm/d,蒸腾占比的变化范围为64.45%~79.24%。[结论]城市生态系统中,不同树龄银杏园林蒸散发最大的组分均为蒸腾,且7—8月蒸腾比例最大。土壤水分变化与银杏树龄之间无明显规律,且与银杏蒸散发的相关性较弱。[Objective]The variation characteristics of 0—300 cm soil water content of urban garden green space in the Guanzhong area were studied to determine the variation characteristics of evapotranspiration and its components in an urban garden green space in order to provide a scientific basis for efficient urban water management.[Methods]We used Ginkgo biloba as an example,soil moisture of a garden green space with G.biloba as the main scenic tree was measured with a neutron moisture meter.The sap flow rates for G.biloba trunks of 24 and 29-year old trees was monitored with thermal diffusion probes in 2020.Soil evaporation between trees was measured with micro-evaporating dishes,and evapotranspiration and its components were calculated.[Results]The variation of 0—300 cm soil water content in the two green spaces was basically moderate.The transpiration range of 24-year old G.biloba green space was 0.24~9.06 mm/d,and transpiration accounted for 51.77%~71.92%of evapotranspiration.The respective ranges in the 29-year old green space were 0.46~19.76 mm/d and 64.45%~79.24%.[Conclusion]In an urban ecosystem,the largest component of evapotranspiration of G.biloba green space of different tree ages was transpiration,and transpiration accounted for the largest proportion from July to August.There was no obvious relationship between soil water environment change and tree age,and the correlation with tree evapotranspiration was weak.

关 键 词：城市园林绿地 银杏 土壤水分 蒸散特征 

分 类 号：TV212[水利工程—水文学及水资源]