鄂西南5种典型林分枯落物与土壤的持水性能  

Litter and Soil Water-holding Capacity of Five Typical Forest Stands in Southwest Hubei Province

作　　者：周云 白英辰 姚兰 艾训儒[1,2,4] 朱江 郭秋菊 Zhou Yun;Bai Yingchen;Yao Lan;Ai Xunru;Zhu Jiang;Guo Qiuju(〔1.Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization(Hubei Minzu University),Enshi,Hubei 445000,China;School of Forestry and Horticulture,Hubei Minzu University,Enshi,Hubei 445000,China;School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100010,China;Hubei Enshi National Key Experimental Station for Forest Ecosystem,Enshi,Hubei 445000,China〕)

机构地区：[1]生物资源保护与利用湖北省重点实验室(湖北民族大学),湖北恩施445000 [2]湖北民族大学林学园艺学院,湖北恩施445000 [3]北京林业大学生态与自然保护区学院,北京100010 [4]湖北恩施森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,湖北恩施445000

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2023年第2期77-86,共10页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：湖北省教育厅中青年人才项目“鄂西南高山矮曲林凋落物分解障碍机制”(Q20221903);湖北民族大学高水平科研成果校内培育项目“鄂西南典型森林空气中康养物质多样性与时空动态研究”(4205022);生物资源保护与利用湖北省重点实验室开放项目(PT012006)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究鄂西南地区典型森林枯落物和土壤的水文特性,分析对比不同林分的持水性能,为区域内选择适宜的造林树种、营造合理的水土保持林提供理论依据与科学参考。[方法]以利川金子山国有林场的5种典型林分为研究对象,采用野外调查与采样、环刀法和室内浸泡法,对比分析各林分枯落物层储量、持水过程、持水能力,以及土壤层持水能力和入渗过程。[结果]①5种林分枯落物储量表现为:杉木人工林>常绿落叶阔叶混交林>日本落叶松人工林>柳杉人工林>鹅掌楸人工林;最大持水量变化范围在13.94~29.12 t/hm^(2)之间,与枯落物储量变化相一致。②枯落物持水量与浸水时间关系为对数函数关系,吸水速率与浸水时间关系为幂函数关系。③0—40 cm土壤层最大持水量介于277.02~334.12 t/hm 2之间,表现为:鹅掌楸人工林>常绿落叶阔叶混交林>日本落叶松人工林>杉木人工林>柳杉人工林;土壤平均渗透速率变化范围为6.89~22.30 mm/min,稳渗时间在18.40~25.73 min之间,其中鹅掌楸人工林土壤渗透性最好。[结论]枯落物层中杉木人工林持水性能表现最好;土壤层中鹅掌楸人工林持水性能最好;各项指标综合评定结果阔叶混交林综合持水性能最佳。鄂西南地区未来应采用近自然营林的方式,适当地栽植针叶树种和阔叶树种,提高混交林的种植比例,增加枯落物水文效益的同时,使土壤更加通气透水,以此最大限度地发挥不同林分林下枯落物和土壤的持水能力。[Objective]The hydrological characteristics of typical forest litters and soil in Southwest Hubei Province were studied,and the water-holding capacity of different forest stands were analyzed and compared in order to provide a theoretical basis and scientific reference for selecting suitable afforestation species and creating reasonable soil and water conservation forests in the region.[Methods]The study was conducted for five typical forest stands in the national forest farm of Jinzi Mountain in Lichuan City.Field survey and sampling,the cutting ring method,and the indoor soaking method were used.The litter storage capacity,water-holding process,and water-holding capacity,as well as the water-holding capacity and infiltration process of the soil layer in each forest stand were compared and analyzed.[Results]①Litter storage for the five forest stands followed the order of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation>deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest>Larix kaempferi plantation>Cryptomeria fortunei plantation>artificial plantation of Liriodendron chinense.The maximum water-holding capacity varied from 13.94 to 29.12 t/hm 2,which was consistent with the change of litter storage.②The litter water-holding capacity and immersion time exhibited a logarithmic relationship.The water absorption rate and immersion time followed a power function relationship.③The maximum water-holding capacity of the 0—40 cm soil layer ranged from 277.02 to 334.12 t/hm^(2),and followed the order of artificial plantation of Liriodendron chinense>deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest>Larix kaempferi plantation>Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation>Cryptomeria ortune plantation.The average infiltration rate varied from 6.89 to 22.30 mm/min.The steady infiltration time ranged from 18.40 to 25.73 min.The average infiltration rate of soil varied from 6.89 to 22 mm/min.The steady infiltration time ranged from 18.40 to 25.73 min.The best soil permeability was found in the artificial plantation of Liriodendron chinense,followed by the deciduous broad-leav

关 键 词：森林 枯落物 土壤 水文 持水量 鄂西南地区 

分 类 号：S757.2[农业科学—森林经理学]