子午岭地区近150年演替序列下植被群落组成与结构变化  

Changes in Species Composition and Structure During Vegetation Community Succession in Ziwuling Forest Area

作　　者：王浩嘉 张晓萍 许小明[1] 王妙倩 田起隆 Wang Haojia;Zhang Xiaoping;Xu Xiaoming;Wang Miaoqian;Tian Qilong(State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry Land Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2023年第2期119-128,共10页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“黄土高原径流泥沙过程对土地利用变化和植被演替的响应及其区域差异”(41877083)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究自然恢复条件下植物群落组成与垂直结构变化,为黄土高原的植被建设与高质量发展提供理论依据。[方法]以空间代时间的方法,调查分析子午岭地区从弃耕到顶级群落植被的物种组成、多样性特征;并构建反映群落垂直结构特征的指数,研究其变化趋势。[结果]①该地区共观察到植被种类42科98属115种,其中8个演替序列中有32科77属88种。②演替中群落总体的物种多样性和丰富度均呈显著增加趋势,演替初期两指数值分别为0.901与1.702,演替末期则为1.998与2.665,且在中期均表现出单峰突增态势,而均匀度变化不明显。③演替中,乔木各指标有增加趋势;乔木胸径初期为12.13 cm,末期增加至22.19 cm,冠幅由11.64 m^(2)增加至41.54 m^(2),乔木生物量由54.07 t/hm^(2)增加至175.13 t/hm^(2);而灌木各指标变化不显著,灌木生物量在演替中期呈现显著峰值,最高为9.56 t/hm^(2),但在随后的演替过程中呈迅速波动下降态势,演替末期生物量仅为1.82 t/hm^(2)。由灌木群落演替至乔木群落时,枯落物层的厚度显著增加,而盖度在各演替阶段间无显著性差异。④演替初期的综合垂直结构指数较低且相近,为0.086~0.104,演替中期迅速增加至0.349,在演替接近末期时达到最大值0.477。林下植被垂直结构指数在演替中期最高(0.342),演替末期降低并趋于稳定(0.195~0.246)。[结论]随着自然演替,群落物种多样性和丰富度均得到显著提升,群落总体垂直结构向复杂化发展,林下垂直结构则在演替后期呈现退化。[Objective]The changes in plant community composition and vertical structure under natural restoration were studied in order to provide a reference for vegetation construction and high-quality development of the Loess Plateau.[Methods]Using the method of space instead of time,species composition and diversity characteristics of vegetation from abandoned cropland to top community in the Ziwuling forest area were investigated and analyzed.A vegetation vertical structure index was constructed to study the vertical structure of the vegetation community and its changing trend in the succession sequence.[Results]①A total of 115 species of vegetation in 42 families,98 genera,and 115 species appeared in the Ziwuling forest zrea,and a total of 32 families,77 genera,and 88 species of vegetation appeared in the succession sequence.②In succession,the species diversity index and richness index of the community showed a significant increasing trend,The diversity and richness index values were 0.901 and 1.702 at the beginning of the succession,and 1.998 and 2.665 at the end of the succession.The middle stage showed a unimodal trend,and the two indices were 2.21 and 3.05.The evenness index did not change significantly.③During the succession process,each tree factor showed an increasing trend.The DBH was 12.13 cm at the initial stage of succession and increased to 22.19 cm at the end;the crown width increased from 11.64 m 2 to 41.54 m^(2);and the tree biomass increased from 54.07 t/hm^(2)to 175.13 t/hm^(2).However,the indicators of shrubs did not change significantly during the succession process.Shrub biomass showed significant peaks in the middle of succession(highest value of 9.56 t/hm^(2)),but showed a rapid fluctuation and declining trend in the subsequent succession process.At the end of succession,shrub biomass was only 1.82 t/hm^(2).The thickness of the litter layer increased significantly when the shrub community was succeeded by the tree community,but the litter coverage was not significantly different between the

关 键 词：群落演替 植被垂直结构 物种组成 生物量 子午岭 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]