高原河流底栖动物对侧向水文连通性的响应:以泉吉河为例  

Response of benthic macroinvertebrates in highland rivers to the lateral hydrological connectivity:Taking the Quanji River as an example

作　　者：周雄冬 刘逸博 徐梦珍[1] 张家豪[1] 王聪聪 ZHOU Xiongdong;LIU Yibo;XU Mengzhen;ZHANG Jiahao;WANG Congcong(State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Department of Hydraulic Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学水利水电工程系,水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第5期818-829,共12页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U2243222,U2240207);第2次青藏高原综合科学考察项目(2019QZKK0903)。

摘　　要：侧向水文连通性改变了河流系统的水动力条件和营养状况,进而对生物群落的多样性、结构和功能造成影响。对侧向水文连通性的研究多集中于平原河流,侧向水文连通性对高原河流系统的生态影响尚待厘清。该文采用野外采样、现场测量和室内鉴定分析相结合的方法,以大型无脊椎底栖动物为水生态指示生物,以青藏高原东北部青海湖的支流泉吉河为研究区域,分析了不同侧向水文连通条件下典型高原河流系统的环境条件差异和底栖动物群落差异。结果表明:侧向水文连通性与底栖动物群落的多样性、结构和功能特征均有较强关联;泉吉河流域的底栖动物多样性对侧向水文连通性降低均呈“先降低后升高”的单谷式响应,显著区别于平原河流的单峰式响应模式。高原河流“低代谢、寡营养”的本底条件造成底栖动物对扰动敏感,底栖动物群落偏好的中度干扰条件由中等水文连通环境向低水文连通环境偏移,是造成单谷响应模式的重要原因。[Objective]Lateral hydrological connectivity alters the hydrodynamic and trophic conditions of a river system,which further affects the diversity,structure,and function of biotic assemblages.Previous studies focusing on lateral hydrological connectivity are mostly conducted on lowland river systems,whereas the ecological effects on highland rivers have yet to be explored.The objectives of this study are as follows:(1)to investigate the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in a typical highland river to facilitate the identification of different biotopes based on the macroinvertebrate traits;(2)to characterize biotopes according to the environmental conditions(especially in response to lateral hydrological connectivity),macroinvertebrate diversity,and morphological and functional structures;and(3)to analyze the pattern of how the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages respond to variation in lateral hydrological connectivity.[Methods]We adopted a combined approach of field sampling,in situ measurement,and laboratory observation.Using benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages as indicators,we analyzed the ecological differences among biotopes with different lateral hydrological connectivities in the Quanji River,a typical highland river in northeastern Qinghai Lake,Qinghai Province,China.Ecological data were analyzed using the following methods:(1)ordination(canonical correspondence analysis,CCA)to analyze the general distribution patterns of macroinvertebrate taxa along critical environmental variable gradients;(2)hierarchical clustering and nonmetric multidimensional scaling(NMDS)based on the pairwise Bray-Curtis distance of macroinvertebrate assemblages to identify the representative biotopes;and(3)ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis analysis to detect the significant differences in environmental variables and macroinvertebrate indices and to quantify how ecological characteristics respond to the variations in the lateral hydrological connectivity.[Results]Our results showed the following:(1)a total of 122195 macroinvertebrate

关 键 词：废弃河道 群落生境 物种多样性 功能摄食类群 功能习性类群 青藏高原 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学]