3种螺对养殖鲍外壳附着牡蛎的防除作用  

Effects of three kinds of snails on the control of oysters attached to the shell of cultured abalone

作　　者：王英朴 李加琦[2,3] 薛素燕 常丽荣[4] 卢龙飞 张义涛 毛玉泽 WANG Yingpu;LI Jiaqi;XUE Suyan;CHANG Lirong;LU Longfei;ZHANG Yitao;MAO Yuze(College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Resources and Eco-Environment/Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266237,China;National Engineering and Technology Center of Marine Shellfish,Weihai 264316,China;Rongcheng Dongchudao Marine Technology Co.,Ltd,Weihai 264312,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室,山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [4]国家海产贝类工程技术研究中心,山东威海264316 [5]荣成东楮岛海洋科技有限公司,山东威海264312

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2023年第3期344-351,共8页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项(2019YFD0900800);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2020TD50).

摘　　要：为研究养殖皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai Ino)外壳附着牡蛎的防除方法,对比了疣荔枝螺(Thais clavigera Kuster)、润泽角口螺(Ceratostoma rorifluum)和甲虫螺(Cantharus cecillei)对鲍外壳表面牡蛎的防除效果。以桑沟湾筏式养殖鲍为研究对象,自7月中旬开始,每隔15 d左右分别投放3种螺到鲍养殖笼中,共投放6次,以始终未投放螺的养殖笼为对照组。结果显示,实验结束时甲虫螺组中鲍壳上平均存活牡蛎数目为(0.04±0.04)个/只,疣荔枝螺组和润泽角口螺组疣荔枝螺组分别为(2.49±0.91)个/只和(2.21±1.05)个/只,对照组为(3.33±0.46)个/只。投放3种螺组中鲍壳上存活牡蛎数均显著显著低于对照组(P<0.05),甲虫螺也显著低于其他2种螺(P<0.05)。投螺时间也会影响螺防除牡蛎污损的效果,投放时间过晚会导致螺捕食牡蛎后有明显的壳残留,牡蛎的壳高达到0.5 cm左右再投放螺即可保证防除效果。另外甲虫螺组鲍壳上死亡牡蛎残留壳长度为(0.73±0.27)cm,显著低于疣荔枝螺组[(0.88±0.28)cm]、润泽角口螺组[(0.93±0.28)cm]和对照组[(0.92±0.24)cm](P<0.05),表明甲虫螺所摄食牡蛎的规格小于另外2种螺。研究表明,3种螺均有显著的防除作用,甲虫螺防控牡蛎附着的作用最强;投螺时间会影响3种螺的牡蛎防除效果,需要选择合适的投放时间进行投放;在牡蛎已经大量附着且成长到一定规格时可选择疣荔枝螺和润泽角口螺作为补充。Haliotis discus hannai Ino is a commercially important marine mollusk with a well-known high nutritional value.During cage cultivation,biofouling organisms such as oysters,sea squirts,coil worms,and barnacles often attach to the shell surface of abalone,subsequently affecting the appearance and commercial value of the abalone.Oysters that attach to the inner wall of the cage also affect the growth and survival of abalone.Because manual removal of biofouling organisms is not possible,prevention and control of oyster growth are difficult in abalone cage cultivation.Currently,two aspects of fouling organism prevention and removal are being studied:Fouling organisms attachment mechanisms and other influencing factors can be reduced on the one hand by lowering the adhesion rate;on the other hand biological control can be achieved by selecting oyster feeding species,co-cultivating with farmed shellfish,and attempting to reduce the number of fouling organisms.In this study,we compared the effects of Thais clavigera Kuster,Ceratostoma rorifluum,and Cantharus cecillei on preventing oysters from attaching to the outer shell of the abalone.Starting in the middle of July,three different types of snails were placed in the cage every 15 days for a total of six times.The cage without snails was taken as the control group.According to the results,at the end of the experiment,the number of surviving oysters on the abalone in the Cantharus cecillei group was(0.04±0.04)/ind,the number of surviving oysters in the Thais clavigera Kuster group was(2.49±0.91)/ind,the number of surviving oysters in the Ceratostoma rorifluum group was(2.21±1.05)/ind,and the number of oysters in the control group was(3.33±0.46)/ind.The three species of snails were significantly lower than the control group,with Cantharus cecillei significantly lower than the other two snail species(P<0.05).The timing of snail addition also affects the effectiveness of the snails in preventing oyster fouling.Late addition of the snails resulted in a significant number

关 键 词：皱纹盘鲍 筏式养殖 生物污损 润泽角口螺 疣荔枝螺 甲虫螺 

分 类 号：S968[农业科学—水产养殖]