“被”的语法属性及事件投射特征--基于《朱子语类》中的特殊“被”字句  

The Grammatical Attribute and Eventual Projection Characteristics of“Bei(被)”--Based on the Special“Bei(被)”Sentences in Zhuzi Yulei(《朱子语类》)

作　　者：岳莉红 Yue Lihong(College of Arts,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院,北京100875

出　　处：《现代语文》2023年第5期46-52,共7页Modern Chinese

摘　　要：“被”字句中“被”的语法属性历来有很大争议,近代汉语特殊“被”字句的事实考察支持动词说。动词“被”在句法上不断扩容,它所管辖的成分在历时上经历了不断泛化的过程:名词—及物动词—不及物动词—形容词—小句—复句形式。“被”在语义上表示“遭受/经历”义,主语在语义角色上表现为历事和受影响者,其后所带的是一个事件。及物动词被动句和非及物动词被动句在事件投射上的差异体现在:前者不仅投射结果状态,同时在投射中编码了事件的动态过程,强调结果与过程之间的“遭受”关系;后者所表达的事件则是直接投射内论元的结果状态,凸显的是事件引起的结果和特征,“遭受”的动态过程隐藏在词汇体中。The nature of“bei(被)”in passive“bei(被)”sentences has always been controversial.Based on the fact investigation of the special“bei(被)”sentences in modern Chinese,we agree with the verb theory that the verb“bei(被)”has been expanding in syntax,and the components under its jurisdiction have experienced the process of continuous generalization in diachronic terms,such as noun—transitive verb—intransitive verb—adjective—clause—complex sentence.Semantically,it expresses the meaning of suffering and experiencing.The subject is represented as the historical event and the affected person in semantic role,and the“bei(被)”is followed by an event.The differences between the verb passive sentence and the adjective passive sentence in the eventual projection are as follows:the former not only projects the result state,but also codes the dynamic process of the event in the projection,emphasizing the“zaoshou(遭受)”relationship between the result and the process;The event expressed by the latter is the result state of direct projection of internal arguments,highlighting the results and characteristics caused by the event,and the dynamic process of“zaoshou(遭受)”is hidden in vocabulary.

关 键 词：“被”字句 《朱子语类》 动词说 事件投射 近代汉语 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]