碳纳米管在高速列车电磁屏蔽领域应用研究展望  

Application and Research Progress of Carbon Nanotubes in Electromagnetic Shielding of High-Speed Trains

作　　者：禄璐 郝雪龙 赵春雷[1,2,3] 薛健 孙泽明[1,2] 张东晖 Lu Lu;Hao Xuelong;Zhao Chunlei;Xue Jian;Sun Zeming;Zhang Donghui(National Center of Analysis and Testing for Nonferrous Metals and Electronic Materials,GRINM Group Corporation Limited,China United Test&Certification Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101407,China;Guobiao(Beijing)Testing&Certification Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101407,China;General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals,Beijing 100088,China;CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 066004,China)

机构地区：[1]有研科技集团有限公司国家有色金属及电子材料分析测试中心,国合通用测试评价认证股份公司,北京101407 [2]国标(北京)检验认证有限公司,北京101407 [3]北京有色金属研究总院,北京100088 [4]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司,山东青岛066004

出　　处：《稀有金属》2023年第3期441-450,共10页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：北京市科技项目(51312)资助。

摘　　要：碳纳米管(CNTs)由于具有优异的物理化学性能和良好的改性空间,在高速列车电磁屏蔽领域具有良好的应用前景。然而碳纳米管不具有铁磁性,对于电磁波的直接吸收能力相对较弱,因此往往需要对碳纳米管进行改性后再使用。结合高速列车这一特殊应用环境,总结了碳纳米管在电磁屏蔽领域的优势。简述了电磁屏蔽材料阻碍电磁波的机制,并综述了近年来CNTs应用于电磁屏蔽领域的研究进展,包括与铁磁性材料复配、化学镀或沉积金属镀层、与MXene复配、稀土元素改性,并对不同改性方法的作用机制进行了分析。最后对CNTs材料在电磁屏蔽领域未来的发展方向进行了总结和展望,提出获得性能更加优异的碳纳米管屏蔽体的新方法,可以从复合镀层、稀土元素改性、晶体化镀层等角度进行探索。In order to further improve the running speed of high-speed railway,lightweight design is often used on the train.The ma⁃terials used in traditional lightweight design are mainly aluminum alloy.In recent years,with the increasing maturity of new material application technology,carbon fiber composites have been more and more widely used in high-speed train body and structural materi⁃als.Due to the low conductivity and compactness,the electromagnetic shielding performance of carbon fiber composites is far lower than that of aluminum alloy,steel and other metal materials.Therefore,a layer of electromagnetic shielding material needs to be added to the surface of carbon fiber vehicle body to protect the normal operation of the vehicle.Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)have excellent ther⁃mal conductivity,large specific surface area and high conductivity of about 1×106 S·cm-1.When added into the composite material or coating as a shield,it is easy to form a complex conductive network in the composite conductive coating and improve the conductivity of the material,resulting in impedance mismatch when the electromagnetic wave passes through the interface between the shield and other media.Finally,the electromagnetic shielding performance of the material is significantly improved in the reflection loss part.However,the direct use of CNTs as shielding material is not good.Composite use of CNTs with ferromagnetic materials or MXenes can achieve better shielding effect.In addition to this,direct chemical plating or deposition of ferromagnetic metals,such as iron,cobalt and nickel,on the surface of CNTs.Using CNTs loaded with ferromagnetic materials as fillers,excellent electromagnetic shielding effi⁃ciency could be obtained with a low addition amount.Polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)/CNTs/Ni@CNTs electromagnetic shielding mate⁃rials were synthesized by solvothermal method,solution casting and molding.When the content of carbon nanotubes increased from 2%to 6%(mass fraction),the conductivity increased by two orders of magnitude.A

关 键 词：碳纳米管(CNTs) 电磁屏蔽 化学镀 稀土 

分 类 号：TN04[电子电信—物理电子学]