纳米金属多层膜微观结构及其力学性能研究进展  

Research Progress in Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Metallic Multilayers

作　　者：沈如翠 安邦 王亚强 张金钰[1] 刘刚[1] 孙军[1] Shen Rucui;An Bang;Wang Yaqiang;Zhang Jinyu;Liu Gang;Sun Jun(State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials,School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Xi'an Jiaotong,Xi'an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学材料科学与工程学院金属材料强度国家重点实验室,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《稀有金属》2023年第4期555-569,共15页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(92163201,U2067219,52001247,51722104)资助。

摘　　要：纳米金属多层膜由于其微观结构的可调控性和优异的力学性能受到广泛关注,而建立微观结构与力学性能的内在联系则是设计制备高性能纳米金属多层膜的基础。结合当前国内外关于纳米金属多层膜微观结构和力学性能的最新研究进展,总结了晶体/晶体和晶体/非晶纳米金属多层膜的微观结构特征及其对力学性能的影响,基于位错强化模型,阐述了微观特征尺寸与力学性能之间的关系。现有研究结果表明,由于组元材料本征特性的差异以及强烈的尺寸与异质约束效应,不同组元材料构成的纳米金属多层膜具有不同的晶粒形貌和界面类型与结构,这对其强度/硬度、拉伸延性和变形行为具有显著影响。金属多层膜的力学性能表现出明显的尺寸效应和组元依赖性,而晶体/晶体纳米金属多层膜体系呈现出与晶体/非晶体系截然不同的塑性变形力学和组织结构稳定性。最后,探讨了目前纳米金属多层膜相关研究存在的不足之处及其未来研究的主要方向。Nanostructured metallic multilayers are layered structure materials composed of two or more metallic components superim⁃posed alternately with a modulation structure in the nanometer scale,have attracted extensive attention due to their microstructural controllability and excellent mechanical properties.The internal relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties is the basis for the design and preparation of high-performance nanostructured multilayers.Due to the complexity of the structure of metallic multilayers,in-depth study and understanding on the relationship between microstructure and properties of metallic multilayers is of great significance for optimizing their properties,even for developing new metallic multilayers.In this work,the recent research prog⁃ress in microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of nanostructured metallic multilayers at home and abroad was reviewed,the microstructural features of crystalline/crystalline and crystalline/amorphous metallic multilayers and their influence on mechanical properties,as well as the relationship between the characteristic size and mechanical properties based on the dislocation strengthening theory was summarized.Finally,the existing problems and shortcomings in the current research on nanostructured multilayers and the main directions of future research were discussed.It was concluded that with the reduction in the layer thickness of nanostructured me⁃tallic multilayers,the grain morphologies often changed,mainly determined by the lattice mismatch and surface energy between con⁃stituents.For the well-studied face-centered cubic(fcc)/fcc and fcc/body-centered cubic(bcc)nanostructured metallic multilayers with relatively low mismatch strains,when the layer thickness decreased,they were more preferred to exhibit the highly textured mi⁃crostructures,along with the transition from crystalline/crystalline incoherent interfaces at large layer thickness to fully coherent inter⁃faces at extremely small layer thickness.In parti

关 键 词：纳米金属多层膜 微观结构 异质界面 力学性能 尺寸效应 

分 类 号：TG174.44[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]