玉米种衣剂在土壤中的残留动态及对土壤酶活性和可培养细菌的影响  

Residual Dynamics of Corn Seed Coating Agent in Soil and its Effects on Soil Enzyme Activity and Culturable Bacteria

作　　者：刘亚冬 吕陈生 申鸿[1] 武奕彤 李开叶 LIU Yadong;LYU Chensheng;SHEN Hong;WU Yitong;LI Kaiye(College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715 [2]重庆市农业资源与环境研究重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第6期76-84,共9页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(2157719).

摘　　要：通过大田试验,探究噻虫嗪和噻虫嗪-苯醚甲环唑混剂2种玉米种衣剂在土壤中的残留动态及对根际土和非根际土酶活性变化、土壤可培养细菌数量的影响,以揭示噻虫嗪和苯醚甲环唑对土壤微生态环境的潜在影响.结果表明,以推荐使用剂量(6 mL/kg种子)分别将噻虫嗪单剂和噻虫嗪-苯醚甲环唑混剂施入土壤后,土壤中噻虫嗪均主要残留在0~10 cm土层,研究期内最高质量分数分别为0.068μg/g(2020年6月19日)和0.036μg/g(2020年5月27日);而在玉米收获期噻虫嗪在土壤中的残留量均低于检出限(0.004μg/g),在玉米不同生长时期,土壤中的苯醚甲环唑均未检出;相比对照,噻虫嗪和噻虫嗪-苯醚甲环唑混剂处理均能抑制根际和非根际土壤可培养细菌的数目增长,对根际土可培养细菌的抑制作用会随着玉米的生长逐渐减弱;2种种衣剂均能激活根际土和非根际土中过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶的活性,且土壤酶活性的激活效应会随生长时间而逐渐降低,直至达到对照水平.A field experiment was carried out to study the use of thiamethoxam and thiamethoxam-difenoconazole mixture as the targeted insecticide and insecticide/fungicide in the corn seed treatment in order to explore the temporal differences of pesticide residues in soil and the changes of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil enzyme activities and the changes in the number of culturable bacteria in responding to the introduction of these two systemic pesticides via corn seed treatment,and reveal their potential effects on the soil micro-ecological environment.The results showed that using the label-recommended application dosage(6 mL/kg seeds),the highest concentrations of thiamethoxam in soil were 0.068μg/g on June 19 and 0.036μg/g on May 27 when corn seeds were treated with thiamethoxam alone or with thiamethoxam-difenoconazole mixture,respectively.Thiamethoxam mainly remained in the 0-10 cm depth of soil,and the residues were below the detection limit(0.004μg/g)during the corn harvesting period.Difenoconazole was not detectable in the soil at different stages of corn growth.Both thiamethoxam and thiamethoxam-difenoconazole mixtures can inhibit the increase of number of culturable bacteria in rhizosphere soil,and activated the activities of catalase and dehydrogenase in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils at the early phase of corn growth and then the enzyme activities gradually restored to the level of the control.

关 键 词：玉米种衣剂 噻虫嗪 苯醚甲环唑 土壤酶活性 可培养细菌 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S154.2