基于离散支撑模型的高速铁路钢轨高频振动及声辐射特性  

High Frequency Vibration and Acoustic Radiation Characteristics of High Speed Railway Rails Based on Discrete Support Model

作　　者：韩立 伍向阳 刘兰华 邢星 于卿[2] 李会强 陈兴 朴爱玲 潘镜冲 HAN Li;WU Xiangyang;LIU Lanhua;XING Xing;YU Qing;LI Huiqiang;CHEN Xing;PIAO Ailing;PAN Jingchong(Energy Saving&Environmental Protection&Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Beijing MTR Construction Administration Corporation,Beijing 100037,China;China Railway Guangzhou Group Co.Ltd.,Guangzhou 510088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司节能环保劳卫研究所,北京100081 [2]北京市轨道交通建设管理有限公司,北京100037 [3]中国铁路广州局集团有限公司,广州510088

出　　处：《铁道建筑》2023年第5期21-27,共7页Railway Engineering

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技开发计划(J2021G012);中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司基金(2021YJ155);中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司节能环保劳卫研究所自主投入研发项目(2022HWZ01);北京市轨道交通建设管理有限公司双创基金项目(SCJJ2022001)。

摘　　要：为了研究高速铁路钢轨在离散支撑边界下的高频振动和声辐射特性,建立有限元模型,计算Pinned-Pinned振动模态指标和高频下钢轨横截面振动特性;采用完全法计算了在跨中和承轨台单位垂向力激励下,钢轨轨顶、轨顶侧面、轨腰、轨底翼缘处的垂向、横向导纳,并对垂向振动沿钢轨纵向的传递特性进行了研究;建立边界元模型,计算分析了重构声场的基本要素特征。结果表明:离散支撑边界下钢轨的高频振动特征丰富,钢轨声辐射特点受钢轨Pinned-Pinned振动模态影响显著;钢轨在1 150~1 450 Hz频带内出现声辐射峰值;声辐射效率在1 000 Hz以上维持在高位,但在1 000 Hz附近增长缓慢而在2 000 Hz附近陡然升高;随着激振频率升高,钢轨指向性特征增强,主瓣、旁瓣的分别程度增加。In order to study the high frequency vibration and acoustic radiation characteristics of high speed railway rails under discrete support boundaries,a finite element model was established,and the Pinned-Pinned vibration modal indicators and the vibration characteristics of the rail cross-section at high frequencies were calculated.The complete method was used to calculate the vertical and lateral admittance of the rail at the top,side,waist,and bottom flange of the rail under the excitation of a unit vertical force on the mid span and rail support platform.The transmission characteristics of vertical vibration along the longitudinal direction of the rail were studied.a boundary element model was established,and the basic element characteristics of the reconstructed sound field was calculated and analyzed.The results show that the high frequency vibration characteristics of the rail under discrete support boundaries are rich,and the sound radiation characteristics of the rail are significantly influenced by the Pinned-Pinned vibration mode of the rail.The rail exhibits peak acoustic radiation in the frequency band of 1150~1450 Hz.The acoustic radiation efficiency remains high above 1000 Hz,but grows slowly around 1000 Hz and sharply increases around 2000 Hz.As the excitation frequency increases,the directivity characteristics of the steel rail increase,and the degree of differentiation between the main lobe and the side lobe increases.

关 键 词：高速铁路 钢轨 高频振动 声辐射 指向性 

分 类 号：U211.3[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]