基于生态系统服务价值的尾矿库溃坝短期生态环境损失评估  

Assessment of Short-term Ecological Environment Losses Induced by Tailings Dam-break Based on Ecosystem Service Value

作　　者：蒋水华 彭浩 余琦 姚池[1,2] 黄劲松 JIANG Shuihua;PENG Hao;YU Qi;YAO Chi;HUANG Jinsong(School of Infrastructure Engineering,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China;Key Laboratory of Tailings Reservoir Engineering Safety of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330031,China;China Railway Water Conservancy&Hydropower Planning and Design Group Co.,Ltd.,Nanchang 330029,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学工程建设学院,江西南昌330031 [2]江西省尾矿库工程安全重点实验室,江西南昌330031 [3]中铁水利水电规划设计集团有限公司,江西南昌330029

出　　处：《金属矿山》2023年第5期213-220,共8页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41972280,52179103,52222905,42272326);江西省自然科学基金项目(编号:20224ACB204019);江西省水利科技计划项目(编号:202325ZDKT07)。

摘　　要：尾矿库溃坝不但会对下游居民生命财产安全构成威胁,而且会导致当地生态环境遭到严重破坏。为了定量评估尾矿库溃坝造成的生态环境损失,在溃坝尾砂流演进过程模拟的基础上,提出了基于生态系统服务价值的尾矿库溃坝生态环境损失评估方法。以江西省某铁矿尾矿库工程为例,模拟了溃坝尾砂流演进过程,获取了该尾矿库下游受灾区域分布及危险程度区划图,并从生态系统服务价值的角度评估了尾矿库溃坝造成的短期生态环境损失。结果表明:采用Bingham流变模型可有效模拟尾矿库溃坝及尾砂演进过程,获得尾矿库下游地区受灾情况;尾矿库下游地区受到溃坝影响的生态系统主要包括森林生态系统和农田生态系统,其中森林生态系统遭受的损失最大。所提方法可为类似尾矿库工程漫顶溃坝生态环境损失评估提供理论参考。The dam-break of tailings reservoir not only threatens the downstream life and property safety,but also seriously destroys the local ecological environment.To quantitatively assess the ecological environment losses caused by the tailings dam-break,based on the simulation of the evolution process of the dam-break tailings flow,a assessment method for ecological environment losses induced by tailings dam-break based on ecosystem service value is proposed.An iron tailings reservoir in Jiangxi Province is taken as a typical case to simulate the evolution process of discharged tailings flow due to dam-break.The distribution and risk degree zoning of the downstream affected area of the tailings reservoir are obtained.Based on these,the short-term ecological environment losses induced by the tailings dam-break are evaluated from the perspective of ecosystem service value.The results indicate that the evolution process of the dam-break tailings flow can be effectively simulated using Bingham rheological model,and the disaster situation in the downstream area of tailings reservoir can be obtained.The ecosystem affected by dam-break in the downstream area of tailings reservoir mainly includes forest ecosystem and farmland ecosystem,among which the forest ecosystem suffers the largest proportion of losses.The proposed method can provide a theoretical reference for ecological environment losses assessment caused by overtopping dam-break in similar tailings reservoir projects.

关 键 词：尾矿库 溃坝 尾砂流演进过程 短期生态环境损失 生态系统服务价值 

分 类 号：TD926[矿业工程—选矿]