镍钴战略性硫化矿产资源选冶研究现状及展望  

Research Status and Prospect on Mineral Processing and Metallurgical of Strategic Nickel-Cobalt Sulfide Ores Resources

作　　者：张文谱 赵开乐[1,2] 颜世强 宋军 杨耀辉[1,2] 吴威龙 ZHANG Wenpu;ZHAO Kaile;YAN Shiqiang;SONG Jun;YANG Yaohui;WU Weilong(Institute of Mineral Estatement of the Chinese Academy of Geological Science,Chengdu 610041,China;Technology Innovation Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Strategic Mineral Resources,Ministry of Natural Resources,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院矿产综合利用研究所,四川成都610041 [2]自然资源部战略性矿产综合利用工程技术创新中心,四川成都610041

出　　处：《金属矿山》2023年第5期266-275,共10页Metal Mine

基　　金：四川省科技厅项目(编号:2022YFQ0074,2022YFS0453);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(编号:DD20221697-08,DD20230039-02)。

摘　　要：基于“双碳”发展背景、镍钴资源概况,对镍、钴硫化矿选冶研究现状进行总结与展望。概述了国内外镍钴资源的分布、储量情况以及我国镍钴硫化矿资源在选冶过程中存在的难点;分别总结了我国镍、钴硫化矿传统选冶工艺和改进情况。研究表明:硫化镍矿的选矿方式主要有浮选、重选、化学选矿、生物选矿;硫化钴矿的选矿方式主要有浮选、重选。其中,浮选具有适用性强、处理效率快的优点,仍是处理镍、钴硫化矿最有效的选矿工艺,混合浮选是目前国内绝大部分镍、钴硫化矿选矿厂采用的工艺;阶段磨矿—阶段选别工艺具有科学性,可以有效解决过粉碎问题;浮选药剂的研究重点主要集中在捕收剂组合使用和新型绿色分散剂、抑制剂的研发;生物选矿的研究也取得相应进展。重选在硫化钴矿中主要是用来预富集,可以提高入选品位和选厂处理量,常用的有重介质选矿、螺旋选矿和摇床选矿。硫化镍矿的冶金方式包括火法冶金、湿法冶金、生物冶金;硫化钴矿冶金方式主要有火法-湿法结合和全湿法冶金。其中,火法冶金具有效率高、工艺成熟的优点,仍然是硫化镍矿的主要冶金工艺,但具有高能耗高排放的缺点,相关改进措施的研究是近些年的重点;火法冶金正在逐步向低能耗低碳排放的湿法冶金转型,焙烧—水浸是火法冶金与湿法冶金的结合,其中,氯化焙烧—水浸具有较好的应用前景。硫化钴矿的冶金工艺通常需经过焙烧—浸出—电解过程。最后指出了镍钴硫化矿选冶技术具有研究前景的重点发展方向。Based on the development background of"dual carbon"and the overview of nickel and cobalt resources,this paper summarizes and prospects the current research status of nickel and cobalt sulfide ore processing and smelting.The distribution and reserves of nickel and cobalt resources at home and abroad,as well as the difficulties in the mineral processing and smelting process of nickel and cobalt sulfide ore resources in China were summarized;The traditional mineral processing and smelting processes and improvements of nickel and cobalt sulfide ores in China were summarized.Research has shown that the main mineral processing methods for nickel sulfide ore include flotation,gravity separation,chemical beneficiation,and biological beneficiation;The main processing methods for cobalt sulfide ore include flotation and gravity separation.Among them,flotation has the advantages of strong applicability and fast processing efficiency,and is still the most effective and practical beneficiation process for treating nickel and cobalt sulfide ores.Mixed flotation is currently the process still used by the vast majority of nickel and cobalt sulfide ore beneficiation plants in China;The stage grinding and stage selection process is scientific and can effectively solve the problem of over crushing;The research focus of flotation reagents mainly focuses on the combination of collectors and the development of new green dispersants and depressants;The research on biological beneficiation has also made corresponding progress.Gravity separation is mainly used for pre enrichment in cobalt sulfide ore,which can improve the grade and processing capacity of the beneficiation plant.Commonly used methods include heavy medium beneficiation,spiral beneficiation,and shaker beneficiation.The metallurgical methods of nickel sulfide ore include pyrometallurgy,hydrometallurgy,and biological metallurgy;The main metallurgical methods for cobalt sulfide ore include pyrometallurgical wet metallurgy and full wet metallurgy.Among them,pyrometallurgy has t

关 键 词：双碳 镍钴资源 镍钴硫化矿 选冶工艺 前景展望 

分 类 号：TD952[矿业工程—选矿]