海淡水养殖中华鲟免疫特性的比较  

COMPARISON OF IMMUNE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHINESE STURGEON CULTURED IN SEA AND FRESH

作　　者：陈雪卉 冷小茜 罗江[2] 杜浩[2] 刘志刚[2] 乔新美[2] 熊伟[2] 危起伟[1,2] CHEN Xue-Hui;LENG Xiao-Qian;LUO Jiang;DU Hao;LIU Zhi-Gang;QIAO Xin-Mei;XIONG Wei;WEI Qi-Wei(School of Life Sciences,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学生命与科学学院,重庆400715 [2]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,农业农村部淡水生物多样性保护重点实验室,武汉430223

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2023年第8期1335-1341,共7页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD200304和2021YFD200305)资助。

摘　　要：实验以淡水养殖的4龄中华鲟(Acipensersinensis)为研究对象,经海水驯化后实施全海水养殖,探究中华鲟在海水养殖条件下血液理化指标和免疫组织结构变化。结果显示:与淡水养殖个体相比,海水养殖后中华鲟的血红蛋白(HB)、红细胞比容(HCT)和白细胞数(WBC)均显著升高(P<0.05),红细胞数(RBC)与各类白细胞占比无显著变化(P>0.05);超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、溶菌酶(LZM)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)等6种免疫生化指标与淡水个体无显著差异(P>0.05)。对免疫组织的观察发现,海水养殖中华鲟头肾组织中细胞聚集,形态分布更整齐,黑色素巨噬细胞中心增多;脾脏组织的淋巴细胞和红细胞分布更加密集。研究结果表明,海水养殖会在一定程度上增强中华鲟的免疫和造血功能,保持较好的生理状态。Chinese sturgeon(Acipenser sinensis)is a large anadromous migratory fish.In order to understand the im-mune characteristics of freshwater cultured Chinese sturgeon in seawater,a 5-month mariculture trial was conducted with 4-year-old Chinese sturgeons,and the adaptive changes of blood physiology,biochemistry and immune tissue were explored.The results showed that the white blood cell counts were significantly increased(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference on red blood cell count,but the hemoglobin and hematocrit increased significantly in the sea-water from(46.50±10.59)g/L,(13.70±3.23)%,(9.19±1.10)×109/L to(74.50±11.05)g/L,(21.80±3.33)%and(10.88±3.73)×109/L,respectively.In the differential count of white blood cells,lymphocytes accounted for the largest propor-tion,followed by neutrophils,and there was no significant difference in the percentages of various types of white blood cells.Blood biochemical indexes such as SOD,MDA,LZM,IgM,AKP and ACP have no significant changes in fresh-water and seawater.Observation of immune tissue structure showed that there was no obvious change in the thymus in seawater,but the cells were aggregated,the shape distribution was more orderly and the center of melanin macro-phages increased in the head kidney tissue;Lymphocytes and red blood cells are more densely distributed in the spleen tissue.The results showed that marine aquaculture can enhance the immunity and hematopoietic function of Chinese sturgeon to a certain extent,and maintain a good physiological state.

关 键 词：淡水养殖 海水养殖 血液生理生化 免疫组织 中华鲟 

分 类 号：S965.1[农业科学—水产养殖]