贵州2种特色油茶优良无性系生长指标初探  

Growth indexes for the excellent clones of two characteristic Camellia oleifera in Guizhou

作　　者：曾钦朦 魏莹莹 陈瑶 张明刚 霍达 ZENG Qinmeng;WEI Yingying;CHEN Yao;ZHANG Minggang;HUO Da(Guizhou Academy of Forestry,GuiYang 550005,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省林业科学研究院,贵州贵阳550005

出　　处：《贵州林业科技》2023年第2期31-36,共6页Guizhou Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：贵州省科技厅支撑项目“贵州高原山地威宁短柱油茶优良无性系选育”(黔科合支撑[2020]1Y061号);贵州省科技厅支撑项目(黔科合支[2022]一般166);贵州省林业局科研项目(黔林科合[2022]009号)。

摘　　要：为研究威宁短柱油茶(Camellia weiningensis)和西南红山茶(Camellia Pitardii)的无性系生长指标情况,选出早期表现最优质的无性系。对15个优良无性系进行测定,并通过多重比较、方差分析、遗传力及遗传增益等分析方法,综合评价选出最优质的无性系。西南红山茶的生长指标均大于威宁短柱油茶,且BG-6的树高、冠幅、分枝数及枝下高最大,值分别为118.55 cm、40.20 cm、45个和14.31 cm;通过多重比较,除了嫁接枝径,其他各性状均存在不同的显著差异,BG-6的树高、冠幅和分枝数的差异最大;树高、枝下高、新梢长度和新梢基径存在极显著差异(P<0.01),冠幅、分枝数及新梢叶片存在显著差异(P<0.05);通过遗传力及遗传增益的估算,各性状的遗传力较强,且树高受到的遗传控制最强,值为0.63,BG-6的树高、冠幅和分枝数的遗传增益最大,值分别为1.68%、2.13%和1.91%。BG-6是最适合在该造林地推广种植的无性系,研究结果为油茶无性系的早期选择提供理论依据。Cloning can greatly contribute to the growth of the plants in recent years.This study aims to explore the clone growth indexes of Camellia weiningensis and Camellia Pitardii.The best performance of the clones was selected in the early stage.Fifteen excellent clones were also measured to optimize the best clones using multiple comparison,ANOVA,heritability,and genetic gain.The results show that the growth indexes of C.Pitardii were much greater than those of C.weiningensis.Specifically,the BG-6 presented the largest tree height,crown width,number of branches,and branch height,with the specific values of 118.55,40.20,45,and 14.31 cm,respectively.The multiple comparisons indicated that there were the significant differences in all traits,except for the ground diameter.The BG-6 shared the largest differences in the tree height,crown width,and number of branches.The significant differences were found in the tree height,branch height,new shoot length and new shoot basal diameter(P<0.01),crown width,branch number and new shoot leaves(P<0.05).The heritability and genetic gain were finally estimated during this time.There was the strong heritability of each trait.The strongest genetic control of tree height was with the value of 0.63.Therefore,the BG-6 demonstrated the largest genetic gain of tree height,crown width and branch number,with the values of 1.68%,2.13%and 1.91%,respectively.Anyway,the BG-6 was the most suitable clone for the planting in this afforestation land.The findings can also provide a theoretical basis for the early selection in the clones of Camellia oleifera.

关 键 词：威宁短柱油茶 西南红山茶 生长指标 无性系 

分 类 号：S791.24[农业科学—林木遗传育种]