贵州芙蓉江流域生态系统服务功能综合评价与生态功能区划  

Evaluating ecosystem services to regionalize ecological function in Furong River Basin of Guizhou Province

作　　者：陈鸿申 陈忠发[1] 龚芯磊 赵爽[1] 梁龙[1] CHEN Hongshen;CHEN Zhongfa;GONG Xinlei;ZHAO Shuang;LIANG Long(NO.106 Geological Party,Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development,Zunyi 563000,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省地矿局106地质大队,贵州遵义563000

出　　处：《贵州林业科技》2023年第2期71-77,共7页Guizhou Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：贵州省地矿局科研项目资助(黔地矿106科合[2021]4号)。

摘　　要：对贵州芙蓉江流域生态系统服务功能进行综合评价,在此基础上,结合RS、GIS等技术对其生态功能进行了区划,为该流域针对性地开展生态修复工程提供科学参考。以贵州芙蓉江流域为研究对象,采用RS、GIS等技术,分别以生物多样性维护功能、水源涵养功能、水土保持功能以及水土流失敏感性和石漠化敏感性等指标作为评价因子,对其生态系统服务功能和生态敏感性进行评价。贵州芙蓉江流域水源涵养功能中等以上的区域面积为1460.13 km^(2),中等以下的为2979.27 km^(2),分别占项目区总面积的32.89%和67.11%;水土保持功能中等以上的区域面积为4236.73 km^(2),中等以下的为3054.42 km^(2),分别占项目区总面积的58.11%和41.89%;生物多样性维护功能中等以上的区域面积为492.58 km^(2),中等以下的为6766.38 km^(2),分别占项目区总面积的6.79%和93.12%;水土流失敏感性主要为较低和低等级,分别占项目区总面积的43.90%和55.40%;石漠化敏感性等级主要为低等级,将近占了项目区总面积的90%;根据生态系统自然属性、主导服务功能类型以及生态系统服务功能重要性,可将该流域区划为生态调节、产品提供、人居保障3个生态功能区和8个生态功能类型。贵州芙蓉江流域水源涵养功能和生物多样性维护功能整体偏低,而水土保护功能整体较好;水土流失敏感性和石漠化敏感性等级较低;该流域的生态系统服务功能重要性等级多处于中等或中等偏下水平,生态敏感性较低。A comprehensive evaluation of ecosystem services was performed in the Furong River Basin of Guizhou Province,China.The ecological functions were then regionalized with the RS,and GIS technologies.Some evaluation factors were selected to evaluate the ecosystem service function and ecological sensitivity,in terms of the biodiversity maintenance function,the function of water conservation,soil and water conservation function,the sensitivity of soil erosion,and the desertification sensitivity index.The results show that the areas of water conservation function above the medium(including medium)and below were 1460.13,and 2979.27 km^(2),accounting for 32.89%and 67.11%of the total project areas,respectively.The areas above and below the medium water and soil conservation function were 4236.73,and 3054.42 km^(2),accounting for 58.11%and 41.89%of the total,respectively.The areas of biodiversity maintenance function above and below medium were 492.58,and 6766.38 km^(2),accounting for 6.79%and 93.12%of the total,respectively.The sensitivity of soil and water loss was mainly low and lower,accounting for 43.90%and 55.40%of the total,respectively.The sensitivity grade of rocky desertification was mainly low,accounting for nearly 90%of the total.The watershed was divided into three ecological function zones:ecological regulation,product provision,and human settlement support,together with the eight ecological function types,according to the nature of ecosystem,the dominant service function types,and the importance of ecosystem service functions.There was the relatively low function of water conservation and biodiversity maintenance,whereas,the better water and soil protection function was found in this case.There was the low sensitivity of soil erosion and rocky desertification.The importance of ecosystem services in the basin was mostly at the medium or lower level,indicating the low ecological sensitivity.The finding can also provide the scientific reference for the targeted ecological restoration projects in the basin.

关 键 词：芙蓉江流域 水源涵养功能 水土保持功能 生物多样性维护功能 生态功能区划 

分 类 号：S718.55[农业科学—林学]