钢筋混凝土水塔垂直原地爆破拆除试验研究  

Experimental Study on Vertical In-situ Blasting Demolition of Reinforced Concrete Water Tower

作　　者：黄小武[1,2] 谢先启 贾永胜[2,3,4] 刘昌邦[2] 姚颖康 孙金山[3,4] 伍岳 HUANG Xiao-wu;XIE Xian-qi;JIA Yong-sheng;LIU Chang-bang;YAO Ying-kang;SUN Jin-shan;WU Yue(College of Science,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430065,China;Wuhan Explosion&Blasting Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430056,China;State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting,Jianghan University,Wuhan 430056,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering,Jianghan University,Wuhan 430056,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学理学院,武汉430065 [2]武汉爆破有限公司,武汉430056 [3]江汉大学精细爆破国家重点实验室,武汉430056 [4]江汉大学爆破工程湖北省重点实验室,武汉430056

出　　处：《爆破》2023年第2期1-8,61,共9页Blasting

基　　金：湖北省自科基金重点项目(创新群体2020CFA043);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BCA084)。

摘　　要：为解决受限空间下高耸钢筋混凝土水塔爆破拆除难题,研发了高耸构筑物垂直原地爆破拆除技术。采用高速摄影观测、振动监测手段和数值仿真方法,对水塔垂直原地坍塌冲击破坏机理、垮塌运动过程和触地振动效应进行了全面分析。研究发现:高耸水塔垂直原地爆破拆除的坍塌过程近似自由落体运动,回归分析得到水塔向下塌落的加速度约为9.4 m/s^(2),略小于重力加速度;采用“分离式”有限元模型,可以近似还原水塔的塌落运动过程,并精确捕捉每段筒体的冲击碰撞时刻;159号混凝土材料模型,可以很好地模拟水塔筒体塌落冲击破坏过程;水塔筒体冲击破坏过程复杂,总体呈现多次冲击累积损伤破坏过程;振动主振频带主要集中在5~60 Hz,振动信号的高频部分衰减迅速,能量主要集中在低频部分,并且振动信号的总能量随着距离的增加而显著减小。试验表明:通过筒体分段依次垂直原地塌落触地,并同步开展顶部水箱水压爆破,不仅可以控制高耸水塔的塌落堆积范围,而且可以减小触地振动效应并控制爆破粉尘危害。In order to solve the problem of blasting demolition of tall reinforced concrete water towers in restricted space,a vertical in-situ blasting demolition technology was developed.The impact failure mechanism,collapse process and touchdown vibration of the water tower were analyzed comprehensively by means of high-speed photography,vibration monitoring and numerical simulation.It was found that the collapse process of the tower by vertical in-situ blasting demolition is similar to free fall motion with an acceleration of 9.4 m/s^(2)calculated by regression analysis,which was slightly smaller than the gravity acceleration.By using the“separated”finite element model,the collapse process of the water tower could be approximately simulated and the impact time of each section cylinder could be accurately captured.In general,cumulative damage by multiple impacts is the main characteristic of the complex failure process of the water tower,which can be simulated by the No.159 concrete material model.The main frequency band of the vibration is mainly concentrated in the range of 5~60 Hz.The high frequency part of the vibration signal attenuates rapidly,and the energy is mainly concentrated in the low frequency part.Moreover,the total energy of the vibration signal decreases significantly with the increase of distance.The test results show that the successive vertical collapse of the tower and the simultaneous blasting on the top water tank can control not only the collapse range of the tower,but also the touchdown vibration and blasting dusts.

关 键 词：爆破拆除 原地塌落 高速摄影 数值模拟 触地振动 

分 类 号：TU746.5[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]