基于矿区建(构)筑物保护的井下爆破振动控制研究  

Research on Vibration Control of Underground Blasting based on Structure Protection in Mining Area

作　　者：曾令峰 ZENG Ling-feng(Zijin Mining Construction Group(Xiamen)Co.,Ltd.,Xiamen 361000,China)

机构地区：[1]紫金矿业建设集团(厦门)有限公司,厦门361000

出　　处：《爆破》2023年第2期211-217,共7页Blasting

摘　　要：为了明确某地下矿山采场爆破振动对运输大巷和地表民房等的影响程度,并对其进行控制,应用现场工业试验的方式获取实测数据资料。试验首先采用Blast-NET型爆破监测仪对爆破引起的径、切、垂向振动速度和频率进行监测,根据萨道夫斯基公式,用一元回归分析法计算得出与地质条件相关的K、α值,从而获得了现场实际爆破振动速度计算公式。随后通过持续开展振动监测验证了计算公式的可靠性,并分别对逐排起爆、分段起爆、逐孔起爆三种不同起爆网路进行优化试验。研究结果表明,若考虑保护地表民房,在逐排起爆、分段起爆、逐孔起爆条件下,爆源与保护建筑物最小安全距离分别为250 m、200 m、125 m;若考虑保护井下运输巷道,在逐排起爆、分段起爆、逐孔起爆条件下,爆源与保护建筑物最小安全距离分别为30 m、25 m、25 m。最终认为:当预测振动速度满足逐排或逐排分段起爆条件时,矿山可采用导爆管雷管起爆;若仅满足逐孔起爆网路时,则只能采用数码电子雷管或高精度导爆管起爆网路。In order to determine the degree of impact of blasting vibrations on main haulage roadways and surface buildings near an underground mine,and to control these effects,it is necessary to obtain field test data through industrial experimentation.The Blast-NET blasting monitoring instrument was first used to monitor the radial,tangential,and vertical vibration velocities and frequencies caused by the blasting.According to the Sadovsky formula,the K andαvalues related to geological conditions were calculated using single-factor regression analysis,and the actual blasting vibration velocity calculation formula was obtained.The reliability of the calculation formula was then verified through continuous vibration monitoring,and optimization experiments were conducted on three different blasting network configurations:row-by-row,segmented,and hole-by-hole.The research results showed that if the protection of surface buildings is considered,the minimum safe distance between the source of the explosion and the protected buildings is 250 meters,200 meters,and 125 meters respectively for row-by-row,segmented,and hole-by-hole blasting.If the protection of underground haulage roadways is considered,the minimum safe distance between the source of the explosion and the protected roadways is 30 meters,25 meters,and 25 meters respectively for row-by-row,segmented,and hole-by-hole blasting.Finally,it is concluded that when the predicted vibration velocity meets the requirements of row-by-row or segmented blasting,the mine can use nonel detonators for blasting.If the hole-by-hole blasting network is required,only digital electronic detonators or high-precision nonel detonators can be used.

关 键 词：地下矿山 爆破振动监测 爆区建(构)筑物 微差爆破 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]