17世纪20年代英国外交败局探析  

On the Failure of English Diplomacy in the 1620s

作　　者：陆连超[1] 王倩 LU Lian-chao;WANG Qian(College of History and Culture,Shanxi University,Taiyuan Shanxi 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学历史文化学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《廊坊师范学院学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期60-67,共8页Journal of Langfang Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：2017年度国家社会科学基金项目“英国现代化早期国家权威的建立与中央集权问题研究”(17CSS025)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：英国的外交政策在17世纪20年代发生了反转。这一反转的背景、动因和结局具有显著的复杂性、戏剧性和警示性,对现实外交政策有着重要的参考价值。三十年战争初期,英国实行孤立主义外交政策。随后,英国尝试通过与西班牙联姻,间接帮助新教联盟领袖巴拉丁选帝侯复国。然而,西班牙根本没有打算背弃哈布斯堡王朝。在该计划落空后,英国采取更为积极的干涉主义外交政策,与法国联姻结成反西班牙联盟。法国也像西班牙一样并非真心与新教信仰的英国结盟,而是希望通过联姻使英国停止援助本国境内的胡格诺教派。在不同的宗教信仰与利益诉求交织的复杂国际背景下,英国王室受家族利益驱动,幻想通过联姻撬动欧陆强国为自己火中取栗,最终落得彻底失败。从英国17世纪20年代的外交败局中,我们能够提炼一些决定外交成败的通用规则。这些规则可以为当前复杂国际环境下的外交政策提供借鉴。The English foreign policy went into reverse in the 162os.The background,motive and outcome of this reversal are remarkably complex,dramatic and cautionary,which is of important reference value for the realistic foreign policy.At the beginning of the Thirty Years'War,England pursued an isolationist foreign policy.The English then tried indirectly to help the Elector of Palatine,leader of the Protestant Confederacy,to restore his country through marriage with Spain.Spain,however,had no intention to turn its back on the Habsburgs.When that failed,England adopted a more interventionist foreign policy,marrying France into an anti-Spanish alliance.France,like Spain,was not genuinely interested in an alliance with Protestant England,but hoped to get England to stop aiding the Huguenots in France.In the complex international background where different religious beliefs and interest demands interwoven,the English royal family,driven by family interests,fantasized about extracting chestnuts from the fire by leveraging European powers through marriage,and finally ended up in complete failure.From the English diplomatic failure in the 1620s,we can extract some general rules to determine the success or failure of diplomacy.These rules can throw some light on foreign policy in the complex international environment.

关 键 词：三十年战争 英国 外交 拉罗谢尔 

分 类 号：K561.33[历史地理—历史学]